华东地区典型畜禽养殖场重金属产污系数研究

通过对华东地区生猪、奶牛、蛋鸡典型规模化养殖场四季粪污产生量及其重金属含量的测定,提出了基于各类畜禽养殖过程中不同阶段畜禽品种的常规性比例,以及粪污收集和处理利用代表性工艺的典型畜禽养殖场重金属产污系数。结果表明:生猪场砷、汞、铬、镉、铅、铜、锌、锰产污系数分别为1.28、0.005、23.8、0.11、2.74、243、416、277 mg·d^-1·头^-1;奶牛场砷、汞、铬、镉、铅、铜、锌、锰产污系数分别为40.6、0.28、51.6、0.63、10.62、127、786、735 mg·d^-1·头^-1;蛋鸡场砷、汞、铬、镉、铅、铜、锌、锰产污系数分别为0.046、0.0006、1.11、0.016、0.18、2.00、16.1、21.0 mg·d^-1·羽^-1。生猪场、奶牛场重金属产污系数总体表现为秋冬季相对较高、春夏季相对较低;蛋鸡场重金属产污系数为冬春季相对较高、夏秋季相对较低。

Pollutant generation coefficient of heavy metals from typical livestock and poultry farms in East China

The pollution risk posed by heavy metals from animal manure should not be ignored, following the encouragement of resource utilization of animal manure nation-widely. This study proposes the pollutant generation coefficients of heavy metals from typical livestock and poultry farms with conventional proportions of different breeding stages and representative methods of animal manure treatment by monitoring the production and heavy metal content of animal manure from typical swine, dairy, and layer farms in different seasons. The results indicated that the pollutant generation coefficients of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn of the swine farm were 1.28, 0.005, 23.8, 0.11, 2.74, 243, 416 mg·d^-1, and 277 mg·d^-1, respectively, for one pig. The pollutant generation coefficients of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn of the dairy farm were 40.6, 0.28, 51.6, 0.63, 10.62, 127, 786 mg·d^-1, and 735 mg·d^-1, respectively, for one dairy cow. The pollutant generation coefficients of As, Hg, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn of the layer farm were 0.046, 0.000 6, 1.11, 0.016, 0.18, 2.00, 16.1 mg·d^-1, and 21.0 mg·d^-1, respectively, for one layer. The pollutant generation coefficients of heavy metals were higher in autumn and winter, and lower in spring and summer for the swine and dairy farms, but were higher in winter and spring and lower in summer and autumn for the layer farm. These results provide basic data for controlling the risk of heavy metal pollution during land application of animal manure.