猪粪尿中N、P、Cu、Zn排放量的测定与分析

研究选择仔猪阶段（20±1.0）kg、生长育肥阶段（70±2.0）kg和妊娠2个月的母猪各5头作为试验猪,采用全粪尿法研究了不同生产阶段的猪在一年四季中氮（N）、磷（P）、铜（Cu）和锌（Zn）产污系数的变化和各生产阶段猪污染物的每日平均排泄量。结果仔猪阶段夏季N的产污系数极显著大于其他季节（P〈0.01）,而P、Cu的产污系数受季节的因素影响较小（P〉0.05）;生长育肥猪与妊娠母猪P、Cu和Zn产污系数受四季变化的影响极显著（P〈0.01）,且变化规律基本相同;各生产阶段猪的污染物每日平均排放量不同各生产阶段猪的污染物每日相对排放量不同,母猪N、P、Cu和Zn的每日平均排泄量均极显著高于生长育肥猪,而生长育肥猪Cu和Zn的每日平均排泄量极显著高于仔猪（P〈0.01）。表明不同生产阶段猪污染物每日平均排泄量及其在一年四季中产污系数均不同。应根据不同的季节研究不同生产阶段猪的适宜营养需要,并研究配置符合猪需要的均衡饲料配方,以达到既能满足不同阶段生产的需要,又能最大限度的降低污染产生量的目的。

Measurement and Analysis on N.P,Cu and Zn Excretion in Pig Faeces and Urine

In the study, 5 piglets of （20±1.0） kg, 5 growers of （70±2.0） kg and 5 sows （with two- month pregnancy） were used to test the pollutant （N, P, Cu and Zn） producing coefficients of pigs at three production stages in four seasons and pollutants produced daily by pigs at different stages. The result showed that the pollutant producing coefficients in four seasons and produced daily pollutants were all dif- ferent. The N producing coefficient of piglets in summer was very significantly （P〈0.01） higher than that of other seasons, whereas the pollutant producing coefficients of P and Cu were not significantly affected by seasons （P〉0.05）. As for the growers and sows, the pollutant producing coefficients of P, Cu and Zn were significantly affected by seasons （P〈0.01）, and they had almost the same change patterns in the four seasons. Pollutants daily produced by pigs at different stages were different, and sows produced very significantly more N, P, Cu and Zn than growers（P〈0.01）and the growers produced very significantly more Cu and Zn than piglets（P〈0.01）. It showed the daily pollutant production at different stages and its coefficient in four seasons are different. Therefore, we should research balanced feed formula according to the different seasons and pig stages, to both satisfy the nutrition of pigs and reduce maximally the pollu- tants produced by them.