Effects of fertilization with urban and agricultural organic wastes in a field trial – Waste imprint on soil microbial activity |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P.R. China;2. School of Agronomy, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R. China;1. State Institute for Agriculture and Horticulture Saxony-Anhalt, Centre for Agronomy and Crop Production, Strenzfelder Allee 22, 06406 Bernburg, Germany;2. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Dept. of Soil System Science, Lysimeter Station, Falkenberg 55, D-39615 Altmärkische Wische, Germany;1. Poznan University Life Sciences, Chair of Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Biogeochemistry, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;2. Southeast Research and Extension Center, Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, 25092 Ness Rd, Parsons, KS 67357 USA;1. Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China;1. Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;2. Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, BP 4521, Cotonou, Benin;3. Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, Calavi, 01, BP 526, Cotonou, Benin;4. Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin, BP 4521, Cotonou, Benin;5. Beninese Center for Scientifics Research and Technologies (CBRST), 03 BP 1665, Cotonou, Benin |
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| Abstract: | In the past decades a significant change in composition of urban organic waste products has occurred in many first world countries, due to cleaner technologies as well as outsourcing of heavy industries. However, the societal perception of organic urban waste has become increasingly negative, leading to widespread advocacy of incineration. Therefore we established the ‘CRUCIAL’ long-term field trial in 2003, with the rationale that by approaching the known limits for a number of heavy metals below which no profound disturbance should be observed on key soil ecological functions, it should be possible to discern if some of the many unknown components in the composite urban waste as well as agriculturally based fertilizers have measurable impacts. The following treatments were established: human urine, sewage sludge (normal N-level and accelerated level aiming at three times normal N-level), degassed and subsequently composted organic municipal waste (normal and accelerated level), deep litter, cattle slurry, cattle manure (accelerated level), NPK fertilizer, unfertilized but with clover undersown and an unfertilized control. After 4 years the soil organic matter (SOM) C content, basal CO2 respiration and soil microbial biomass (SMB) C was significantly affected by treatments. All soils having received organic fertilizer had higher SMB C than those with no added fertilizer (unfertilized and unfertilized with clover undersown) and inorganic fertilizer. The treatment effect on qCO2 (CO2/SMB C) was not significant, but the unfertilized treatments showed the highest values. Treatments with accelerated levels of composted household waste and sewage sludge had the highest number of colony forming heterotrophic bacteria. Sole carbon source utilization in EcoPlates indicated a very robust microbial community in the treatments. Cumulative input of heavy metals was less than that required for reaching the heavy metal ecotoxicological limits, even after accelerated loading with sewage sludge corresponding to approximately 55 years of normal application. This could indicate that it is possible use organic urban waste for an extended period on a given site, without compromising soil functioning as long as ecotoxicological guidelines for heavy metal content are observed. |
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