水稻节水栽培的生态和环境效应

综述了节水栽培对稻田生态条件及温室气体生成和排放、肥料流失污染、稻田矿质营养平衡与水肥耦合效应以及病虫草害发生动态等方面的影响。在此基础上,提出了今后应加强水稻节水栽培对农田生态的综合效应、水稻节水栽培的高效灌溉指标及水肥耦合效应、水稻节水栽培对农田病虫草害发生的影响、对土壤中盐分运移及再分布的影响以及无公害可降解的地膜覆盖旱作配套栽培技术等方面的研究

Ecological and Environmental Effect of Water-Saving Rice Cultivation

The ecological and environmental effect of water saving rice cultivation (WSRC) on paddy fields was reviewed, mainly by analyzing the effects on ecological conditions of paddy soil, greenhouse gas production and releasing, contamination and eutrophication of water bodies due to fertilizer losses, the balance of mineral nutrition and fertilizer by water interactions, and occurrence and control of diseases, pests and weeds under the condition of WSRC. The main issues were suggested for further research of WSRC in the paper, including studies on integrated effects of WSRC on plant soil ecosystems, on the high efficient irrigation approaches, on fertilizer by water interaction, on the occurrence and controlling of diseases, pests and weeds, on soil salinization and its alleviation and on the techniques of non prollution film mulched dry cultivation to the environment.