越南棉花蓝病害研究进展

棉花蓝病害(blue disease,BD)于20世纪80年代初期在越南首次发生,10多年后即成为棉花主要病害.罹病棉株表现为发育迟缓、矮小、叶片向下卷曲,产量和品质严重下降.蓝病害在越南产棉省宁城、平顺、平福的发病最重.该病为棉蚜携带病毒,其转主寄主有黄花稔(Sida acuta)、白背黄花稔(Sida rhombifolia)和玫瑰茄(Hibiscussabdariffa)等.这些转主寄主和滞留在田间的棉杆残体等是病害的传染源.单项防治措施有清洁棉田,适时播种,与绿豆或玉米轮作,叶面喷药,用"高巧"进行种子包衣等.综合防治措施为每公斤种子用70水剂高巧5g(imidachloride有效剂量3.5g@kg-1)包衣并与绿豆轮作,及所有措施同时应用.

Researches on Cotton Blue Disease in Vietnam

Blue disease (BD) occurred in Vietnam in the early 1980's and has become the most economic important disease of cotton since late 80's. Infected plant is stunt and its leaves curl downwards, yield and quality of fiber reduced. Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and Binh Phuoc provinces are cotton-grown areas that the most suffered from BD. It's caused by virus and transmitted by cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii) in persistent manner and by grafting. Sida acuta,Sida rhornbifolia and Hibiscus sabdariffa are alternate hosts of BD. They and cotton residues are the main reservoir of BD infection. Single practices such as field sanitation, compact sowing dates, cotton inter-crop with mung bean and maize, chemical foliar spray and seedcoating with Gaucho are effective in reduction of BD infection. The most effective in controlling BD is the complex of cotton inter-crop with mung bean and seed-coating with Gaucho 70WS 5g @ kg-1 of seed (Imidachloprid 3.5g (a. i. ) @kg-1). But only the applications of all measures together can obtain success in diminishing blue disease incidence and loss of yield at very low level.