湟水流域绿水管理模拟与水-沙-质协同调控效果评价

在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展战略背景下，流域上游实施绿水管理对于涵养水源、保护脆弱生态，以及缓解流域缺水形势具有重要意义。选取黄河流域上游的湟水流域构建SWAT水文模型，模拟等高耕作、残茬覆盖、石线、梯田和15°以上坡地退耕还林等5种绿水管理措施，分析水量、水沙和水质的变化；结合水-沙-质管理协同水平，探究不同措施的效果与适用性。结果表明，15°以上坡地退耕还林在增加产水量和地下水补给方面效果最优，分别为1.77×10⁷ m³和1.72×10⁷ m³;等高耕作和石线能有效调节年内径流分配、削减汛期径流量。5种措施均能削减产沙负荷，其中梯田和石线的效果较显著，削减率分别为13.5%和13.0%。5种措施均能减少总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)负荷量，且干旱年削减率高于湿润年；梯田和等高耕作削减效果较好，削减率分别为24.6%、14.7%(TN)和45.3%、21.9%(TP)。通过水-沙-质管理协同分析，除残茬覆盖为高等耦合外，其他4种情景下均能达到优等耦合；耦合协调度由大到小依次为梯田、15°以上坡地退...

Simulation of Green Water Management and Effect Evaluation of Water-Sediment-Quality Coordination Regulation in Huangshui Basin

In the context of ecological protection and high-quality development strategy in the Yellow River Basin, green water management in the upper reaches of the basin is of great significance for conserving water sources, protecting fragile ecology and alleviating water shortage in the basin. There are many measures for green water management, and their effect needs to be further studied. An SWAT hydrological model was constructed in Huangshui Basin in the upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin. Five green water management measures, including contour tillage, residue mulching, stone line, terraced field and farmland conversion to forest on slops above 15° were simulated, and the changes of water quantity, sediment and water quality were analyzed. Combined with the coordination level of water, sand and quality management, the effects and applicability of different measures were explored. The results showed that farmland conversion to forest on slops above 15° had the best effect on increasing water yield and groundwater recharge, which were 1.77×107m3 and 1.72×107m3, respectively. Contour tillage and stone line can effectively regulate annual runoff distribution and reduce runoff in flood season. All the five measures can reduce the sediment yield load, among which terrace and stone line had the most significant effect, and the reduction rate was 13.5% and 13.0% respectively. All the five measures can reduce the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) load, and the reduction rate in dry years was higher than that in wet years. The reduction effect of terraced and contour tillage was better, which was 24.6% and 14.7% for TN and 45.3% and 21.9% for TP, respectively. Through the water-sand-quality management collaborative analysis, excellent coupling can be achieved in the other four scenarios except for the residue mulching which was high coupling. The order of coupling coordination degree was terraced field, farmland conversion to forest on slopes above 15°, stone line, contour planting, residue mulching. The results can provide reference for green water management measures and optimal allocation of water resources in the Yellow River Basin.