东江中上游水土保持林营建技术及效应浅析

从植物营养、土壤科学和恢复生态学的角度全面系统地总结了东江中上游水土保持林的营建技术，并对其效应及演变进行了监测，取得了如下主要结果：(1)选择出适应于该区的先锋、速生和伴生树种，其主要代表种为肯氏相思、红胶木和红锥。(2)严重水土流失区侵蚀土壤不仅缺乏大量元素，也缺乏微量元素，B的缺乏特别典型，显著地影响尾叶桉的生长。(3)种植模式显著影响水土保持的效果，以乔灌草模式效果好。(4)组装配套技术营建的水土保持示范林，使“烂头山”当年植被覆盖率提高40％以上。既能在短期内减少水土流失，又能改善林地环境条件让慢生树种生长，最终形成多树种混交和稳定有效的水源涵养林，可望逐渐向地带性植被群落演变。

Study on the Establishing Technique and Benefit for Soil and Water Conservation Forest, Upstream of Dongjiang River

In the views of plant nutrient, soil science, and resto ra tion ecology, the establishing technique for soil and water conservation forest in upper reach area of Dongjiang River is summaried. The effects of soil erosion control and forest succession were monitored. The major results are as follows: (1) The optimum pioneer tree species, fast-growing tree species and companion tree species for local area is selected out, and the major representative specie s included Acacia cunninghamii, Lophostemon confertus, Castanopsis hystrix; (2)In some serious soil erosion region, it is found not only some macro-nutrien t deficiencies in soil, but also some micro-nutrient elements; (3) B deficiency w as found in soil from the result of micro-nutrient fertilizer application trial in serious soil erosion region in Longchuan and Wuhua county; (4) The model, mi xed planting tree with shrubs and glass was the best treatment for water and soi l control in gully erosion land; (5) It was found the plant coverage was increas ed by 40% in soil and water conservation demonstration forest, which reduced the total amount of soil erosion in short period, improved the local environment th at will be benefit for the growth of slow-growing species and the development o f ecological forest ecosystem.