番茄小根域基质栽培:灌溉方式和密度研究

试验以番茄为试材,在小根域基质栽培系统中种植,研究了该系统中不同灌溉方式和栽培密度对番茄生长、生理特性、产量、品质的影响。结果表明:在该系统中,渗灌处理的番茄植株茎粗和叶面积显著高于滴灌处理,叶绿素含量略高于滴灌处理;低密度处理的番茄植株地下部分,如根体积及表面积优于高密度处理。低密度渗灌处理的单果重最大(185.62g)及单株产量最大(706.86g),果实的含糖量和糖酸比高于其他;高密度渗灌处理的预期产量最高(60.81t/hm2)。与盆栽对照相比,小根域栽培的番茄植株地上部分生长较快并显著改善果实品质,植株干物质分配系数差异显著。通过与盆栽对照的比较和从果实产量和品质方面综合考虑,在小根域低密度(5.2株/m2)基础上合理密植的渗灌栽培为生产上的适宜选择。

Research on Irrigation Methods and Density of Tomato Cultivated in Small Pot

Effects of different irrigation methods and planting density of tomato planted in small pot on growth,fruit yield and quality of tomato were studied.The results showed that in this cultivating system,stem diameter and leaf area of those plants watered by filtration irrigation were significantly higher than that by drip irrigation,chlorophyll content of the plant watered by filtration irrigation were slightly above that watered by drip irrigation;The underground parts of plants in low density,such as root volume and surface area were better than high density ones.Plants of low density and filtration irrigation with the biggest weight(185.62 g) of single fruit had the largest yield per plant(706.86 g).Meanwhile,its fruit qualities such as sugar content and sugar-acid rate were higher than others.The plants in low density and watered by filtration irrigation had largest yield(60.81 t/hm2).Compared with potting plants,aboveground parts of the plants in small pot and its fruit quality were better,and the difference in dry matter partitioning between the two pot-systems was significant.According to the comparison with tomato planted in potting,as well as fruit yields and quality,cultivating the plants in small pot integrated with filtration irrigation and reasonable close planting based on low density(5.2 plants/m2) is an advantageous method for production.