采煤塌陷对水养流失及生态环境的影响

目的]为研究采煤塌陷对土壤水分、养分以及生态环境的影响。方法]将兖州采煤塌陷区作为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内测试分析等方法。结果]采煤塌陷不仅促使土壤水分由坡顶到塌陷中心点迁移,而且导致垂直剖面上的土壤含水量变化明显。在垂直剖面上,随着深度的增加,土壤的含水量增大。受采煤塌陷和地下潜水的影响,60 cm深度之下含水量迅速增加。采煤塌陷还导致土壤养分从塌陷地坡顶到塌陷中心点发生迁移流失,并且在塌陷中心点发生富集。土壤养分在0～20 cm深度含量达到最大,并且随着深度的增加,养分含量降低。此外,由于受塌陷等因素的影响,塌陷区的生态环境遭到一定程度的破坏。结论]应对采煤塌陷加以足够的重视,并进行更深入的研究。

Impact of Coal Mining Subsidence on Loss of Soil Moisture and Nutrients and Ecological Environment

Objective] The research aimed to study the impacts of coal mining subsidence on soil moisture,nutrients,and the environment.Method] Taking coal mining subsidence area in Yanzhou as an example,the methods of filed investigation and laboratory testing analysis were adopted.Result] Coal mining subsidence not only promoted soil water migrating from the collapse of top of the hill to the center point,but also caused significant changes of the soil moisture on the vertical profile.The soil moisture increased with the increase of the depth.The soil moisture increased rapidly under the depth of 60 cm because of the coal mining subsidence and groundwater.In addition,coal mining subsidence led to the migration and the loss of soil moisture from the top to the central point and the enrichment in the central point of mining subsidence area.Soil nutrition reached the maximum in the depth of 0-20 cm,and nutrient content decreased with the increase of the depth.Due to the impact of coal mining subsidence,the ecological environment of subsidence area hasdbeen a certain degree of damage.Conclusion] Attention should be paid for coal mining subsidence,and the further studies should be carried out.