旱作小麦控释氮肥释放特征研究

[目的]研究在水分胁迫条件下不同控释肥料释放特征及对小麦生长发育和产量影响.[方法]利用旱地小麦大田实验,以仅施磷钾肥和优化施肥为对照,选用4种不同的包膜材料控释肥A、B、C和D.[结果]在磷钾水平相同条件下,控释氮肥A和B均能显著提高小麦产量,亩穗数是导致产量差异的主要原因;控释氮肥A和B在冬前分别释放了44.4％和46.3％,拔节期释放了72.1％和69.8％,收获期释放了88.0％和91.5％,能够满足旱作小麦全生育期的氮肥需求;另外与OPT(优化施肥)处理相比,控释肥A和B氮素积累量分别增加1.39、2.09 kg/667 m2,氮肥利用率增加8.66和13.04个百分点,氮肥偏生产力增加9.00、7.22kg/kg,[结论]控释肥A和B对旱作冬小麦效果最好.

Release Characteristics of Release-controlled Nitrogen Fertilizer in Winter Wheat on Dry Land

[Objective] The aim was to study the release characteristics of different release-controlled fertilizers,as well as their effects on wheat growth and development under water stress.[Method] With phosphorus-potassium fertilization and optimized fertilization (OPT) as the control,the release characteristics of 4 kinds of release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers (A,B,C and D) coated with different materials were studied.[Result] Under the same phosphorus and potassium levels,the release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers A and B significantly improved the yield of wheat.Spike number is the main reason leading to the difference in yield.The fertilizers A and B were released by 44.4％ and 46.3％ before winter,released by 72.1％ and 69.8％ at the jointing stage,and related by 88.0％ and 91.5％ in the harvest period,meeting the nitrogen requirement of dryland wheat across the growth period.Compared with OPT,the nitrogen accumulation amounts in treatments A and B were increased by 1.39 and 2.09 kg/667 m2,the nitrogen use efficiencies were increased by 8.66％ and 13.04％,and the nitrogen partial factor productivities were increased by 9.00 and 7.22 kg/kg,respectively.[Conclusion] Among the 4 kinds of fertilizers,A and B were considered as the optimum release-controlled nitrogen fertilizers for winter wheat on dry land.