不同来源玉米自交系穗粒性状的多样性分析与改良

为了明确不同来源玉米自交系的穗粒性状特征及进一步改良的途径,研究了108个不同来源玉米自交系穗长、穗粗、行粒数和百粒质量4个穗粒性状的遗传多样性,在系统聚类分析的基础上进行了类群内各性状变异分析,并比较了郑单958和先玉335两大杂交种的4个核心骨干自交系与同类群其他自交系的性状差异。结果表明,供试玉米自交系间各穗粒性状均存在显著差异,变异系数表现为行粒数!百粒质量!穗长!穗粗;供试自交系可分为10个类群,其中类群G1—G6包含101个自交系,占93.52%,百粒质量和穗粗均以类群G10最高,穗长和行粒数均以类群G7最高;两大杂交种的4个核心骨干自交系各自所属类群相比,4个类群分别有单个或多个自交系单个性状较优,M33、M68、M69、M73、M88、M93 6个自交系的4个穗粒性状均较优,可以分别用于单个或多个穗粒性状的改良。

Diversity Analysis and Improvement of Ear-kernel Traits for Maize Inbred Lines with Different Resources

To define the characteristics of ear-kernel traits for maize inbred lines with different resources and the favorable methods in further improvement,the genetic diversity of 4 ear-kernel traits(ear length,ear diameter,grains number per row and 100-grain weight) for 108 inbred lines were studied.Based on the result of classification,the trait variances for all groups and the comparisons with the key parental lines for two major hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335 were analyzed.The results showed that there were significant differences among inbred lines for all traits,the order of variance coefficient was grains number per row ＞ 100-grain weight ＞ ear length ＞ ear diameter.All inbred lines were classified into G1-G10groups.Totally,101 lines were included in groups G1-G6,accounting for 93.52％.The average trait values were the highest for ear length and grains number per row in G7,for 100-grain weight and ear diameter in G108.Compared with the 4 key parental lines for hybrids Zhengdan 958 and Xianyu 335,Zheng 58,Chang7-2,PH6WC and PH4CV,single or multiple lines had better trait values for single trait in each group,and totally 6 lines (M33,M68,M69,M73,M88 and M93) had better trait values for all the 4 traits.Those inbred lines could be used to improve one or multiple era-kernel traits in maize breeding.