柿新品种'黑柿1号'的选育

'黑柿1号'是从太行山野生柿种质资源中选育出的黑色、早熟、优质柿新品种.果实长圆形,果蒂下有肉座状环形缢痕,果皮细致光滑、无纵沟,颜色乌黑而有光泽,上被白色果粉.果肉橙黄色,肉质细腻,味浓甜.果实中等大小,平均单果质量126.56 g,最大果质量232.38 g,平均可溶性固形物含量22.43%,维生素C含量406.0 mg/kg,总糖19.46%,还原糖16.33%,总酸0.08%,髓小,成熟后实心,无种子,耐贮运,容易脱涩,品质上等.该品种树势强健,萌芽力强,树冠呈圆头形.在郑州地区3月下旬萌芽,5月上旬开花,9月中旬起果实由黄逐渐转黑色,果实发育期130~140 d,9月下旬成熟,采收期可延长到10月中下旬.该品种单性结实,结果早,丰产性强.嫁接苗定植第2年即可开花见果,第5年进入丰产期.坐果后和膨大期生理落果少,大小年不明显.'黑柿1号'抗逆性强,病虫害相对较少,特抗炭疽和角斑病等病害.该品种果皮较厚,上被果粉,耐贮藏,采后常温下可存放30 d以上,冷藏条件下可贮藏3~4个月.该品种对土壤要求不严,适应性强,抗寒、抗旱,耐瘠薄;在河南、河北、山东、山西、陕西、安徽、湖北、江苏、浙江等柿子适生区的平地、丘陵山地均可栽培.

Breeding Report of a New Persimmon Cultivar 'Heishi No.1'

'Heishi No.1' is an excellent early-maturing persimmon with black appearance.The cultivar was selected from natural persimmon germplasm resources,and the variation maternal plant was discovered in Taihang Mountain. Fruit of 'Heishi No.1' is mainly obround, and below the calyx is flesh seat indent. And the pericarp is smooth without any furrow in shinning deep black color, with white fruit powder on the surface. The pulp is exquisite with sweet flavor in orange-yellow color.The fruit is of middle size with the average fruit weight of 126.56 g, maximum fruit weight of 232.38 g, average soluble solid content of 22.43%, vitamin C content of 406 mg/kg, total sugar content of 19.46%, reducing sugar of 16.33%, total acid of 0.08% and tannic content of 0.56% . The fruit has small core, which becomes solid when ripe, and it has no seed. It has tolerance to storage and transportation,and easy to get deastringency, making it have excellent quality. This cultivar is vigorous with conicalness crown and semi-open tree gesture. Young branches are slightly curved in dull grey-green color. Leaves are deep green and lanceolate of 18.7 cm long, 10.1 cm wide, with 1.8 cm petioles. In Zhengzhou area, Henan province, 'Heishi No.1' begins spouting at the end of March and flowering in early May, and the fruits gradually turns into black from yellow from mid-September. The fruit development period is about 130-140 d, and ripens at the end of September.The harvest time can be extended to late October. The cultivar is parthenocarpy,and bears food early with strong yielding ability. And it can flower and bear fruits in two years after planting, and reaches high yield of 48720 kg/hm2 in the fifth year.There are few physiological fruit drops after fruit-setting and during the fruit expanding period, and the variation in different years is not significant. 'Heishi No.1' has strong stress resistance and relatively few plant diseases and insect pests, and it has special resistance to anthracnose and angle of spot. Since the pericarp is thick with white fruit powder covered on the surface, the fruit has long storage-life and high tolerance to storage and transportation. After picking, the fruits can be stored for over 30 d in normal temperature, and the cold storage life could reach 3 -4months. The cultivar also has strong adaptability, resistance to cold and tolerance to poor soil conditions, and it is suitable to be planted in both plains and hilly areas in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other areas of persimmon distribution.