四季秋海棠无土栽培优良基质的筛选

为探究秋海棠的优良栽培基质及草坪草的修剪废弃物替代泥炭作为基质的可能性,以栽培广泛的四季秋海棠幼苗为试材,在上海辰山植物园的栽培大棚中进行盆栽试验.分别选用T1(泥炭∶珍珠岩=1∶1)、T2(泥炭∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T3(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T4(玉米秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T5(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=1∶1∶1)、T6(草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)、T7(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=11∶1)和T8(蛭石∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1)8种混合基质,比较四季秋海棠的生长表现差异.结果表明,四季秋海棠在8种栽培基质中,上盆后30～60 d时茎均显著增大,60～90 d时株高、叶数和叶面积增加最多.最佳综合表现为T6处理,在该基质中,分枝数、叶片厚度、开花数、地上部分鲜干质量和相对叶绿素含量均最大.综合评价分析,基质用草秆∶珍珠岩∶松树皮=2∶1∶1替换泥炭,可满足四季秋海棠生长,因此,修剪后的草坪草废弃物可替换泥炭用于秋海棠的无土栽培基质.

Screening of High-quality Substrate for Soilless Culture of Begonia cucullata Willd.

In order to investigate a better soilless culture medium and the possibility of grass clippings as alternative substrate for peat moss to grow Begonia cucullata Willd.in pots,the seedlings of widely cultivated B.cucullata were grown in pots with eight types of soilless substrates:T1 (peat∶perlite=1∶1),T2 (peat∶perlite∶pine bark=1∶1∶1),T3 (corn stover∶perlite∶pine bark=1∶1∶1),T4 (corn stover∶perlite∶pine bark=2∶1∶1),T5 (grass clipping∶perlite∶pine bark=1∶1∶1),T6 (grass clipping∶perlite∶pine bark=2∶1∶1),T7 (vermiculite∶perlite∶pine bark=1∶1∶1) and T8 (vermiculite∶perlite∶pine bark=2∶1∶1),respectively,in a shade house of Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden to evaluate plant growth performance.The results showed that the stem diameter of B.cucullata increased significantly from day 30 to day 60 after potting,and the plant height,leaf number and leaf area increased largest from day 60 to day 90 after potting in all treatments.The growth of plants performed best in T6,with the highest branch number,leaf thickness,flower number,aboveground fresh and dry weights and relative chlorophyll content.Therefore,the substrate with grass clipping∶perlite∶pine bark=2∶1∶1 was the best culture medium for growing B.cucullata in this study,and the grass clippings could replace peat moss as alternative substrate for growing B.cucullata in containers.