鲜穗烘干法下玉米杂交种桂单0810母本种子的最佳收获期

通过在不同成熟期阶段收获玉米杂交种桂单0810母本桂39722的种子,并测量不同批次种子千粒重、发芽率及其种子发芽后3叶期幼苗的性状,探讨最佳种子收获期,为玉米单粒播种技术发展提供参考.结果表明:母本桂39722授粉后43 d(即第5期)收获的种子的千粒重接近于最大值,发芽率最高;该期种子的幼苗的高度最高,简易活力指数最大,根干重和冠干重最大,发芽势最强;其根长、根数、根冠也较好,根冠生长协调,因此,从开始授粉日算起,有效积温达到780.7℃、穗位叶干枯时为鲜穗烘干法下桂39722的最佳收获时期,此时收获可有效地保证桂单0810种子生产过程中的最佳产量及种子质量.实际生产中,6批裸种种子13次抽样发芽结果为正常苗的89.00％～95.00％,平均为91.15％.

The Optimal Time for Harvesting the Seeds of Gui 39722, the Female Parent of a Maize Hybrid Guidan 0810

To determine the optimal time for harvesting the seeds of Gui 39722,which is the female parent of a newly-developed maize hybrid Guidan 0810,the cobs of Gui 39722 were harvested 31 (the first stage),34 (the second stage),37 (the third stage),40 (the fourth stage),43 (the fifth stage) and 46 (the sixth stage)d after pollination and oven dried at 38 ℃ to constant weight.Then,the 1 000-kernel weight,germination rate and the agronomic traits of three-leaf seedlings were measured and compared.The results showed that the seeds of Gui 39722 harvested 43 d after pollination (the fifth stage) had the greatest germination rate,seedling height,vigor index,root dry weight,shoot dry weight and germination potential,and high 1 000-kernel weight (very close to the highest level),root length,number of roots per seedling and root-shoot ratio.Therefore,43 d after pollination was the optimal time for harvesting the seeds of Gui 39722,when the effective.accumulated temperature after pollination reached 780.7 ℃ and the ear leaf dried.The seeds harvested at this stage had the highest yield and the best quality.Field sampling revealed that 89.00％ to 95.00％ (with an average of 91.15％) of the seedlings of six stages of seeds grew well.