大豆姊妹系品种冀豆17和冀nf58的光合、生理特性及其与产量性状的相关分析

于2013—2015年连续3 a田间种植姊妹系大豆品种冀豆17、冀nf58及双亲,调查产量及相关的农艺性状,测定盛花期、盛荚期和鼓粒期叶片的净光合速率以及可溶性蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶活性等生理指标,比较冀豆17和冀nf58及其双亲生长发育过程中光合速率等生理指标差异及变化,并分析这些生理指标与产量的相关性,为大豆高产育种提供理论依据。结果表明:冀豆17和冀nf58的产量及相关农艺性状均高于双亲,其中冀豆17和冀nf58的产量、株高、主茎节数和3个时期的生物量均显著高于双亲,冀豆17的单株粒质量、百粒质量显著高于双亲;冀豆17和冀nf58在盛花期、盛荚期、鼓粒期的净光合速率均高于双亲,其中,冀豆17在盛荚期和鼓粒期都显著高于双亲;冀豆17和冀nf58的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量在盛花期、盛荚期、鼓粒期均高于双亲,且盛花期超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性也均高于双亲。相关分析表明,产量与3个时期的生物量呈极显著正相关,与盛荚期和鼓粒期的净光合速率、3个时期的可溶性蛋白含量呈显著或极显著正相关,与盛荚期的可溶性糖含量、盛花期和盛荚期超氧化物歧化酶活性、盛花期谷氨酰胺合成酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关。盛荚期和鼓粒期的净光合速率、3个时期的可溶性蛋白含量、盛荚期可溶性糖含量、盛花期超氧化物歧化酶活性和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性较高时有利于大豆产量的提高,因此,这些生理指标可作为大豆高产育种的理论依据。

Photosynthetic and Physiological Characteristics of Soybean Sibling Cultivars Jidou 17 ,Ji nf58 and Their Relationships with Yield Traits

Jidou 17,Ji nf58 and their parents were planted from 2013 to 2015,the yield and related agronomic traits were investigated,the net photosynthetic rate,soluble sugar content,soluble protein content and antioxidase activity were measured at full-bloom stage,podding stage and seed filling stage,the difference of the above indexes of Jidou 17,Ji nf58 and their parents and their relationships with yield were analyzed,so as to provide theoretical guidance for high yield breeding.The results showed that yield and related agronomic traits of Jidou 17 and Ji nf58 were higher than that of their parents,among which yield,plant height,number of nodes on main stem and biomass at full-bloom stage,podding stage and seed filling stage of Jidou 17 and Ji nf58 were significantly higher than that of their parents.For Jidou 17,the seed weight per plant and 100-seed weight were significantly higher than that of the parents.The net photosynthetic rate of Jidou 17 and Ji nf58 were higher than that of their parents at full-bloom stage,podding stage and seed filling stage,especially at podding stage and seed filling stage for Jidou 17.Soluble sugar content and soluble protein content of Jidou 17 and Ji nf58 were higher than that of their parents at the three stages.The activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutamine synthetase were higher in Jidou 17 and Ji nf58 compared to their parents at full-bloom stage.There were extremely significantly positive correlation between yield and biomasses at three stages.There were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between yield and net photosynthetic rate at podding stage and seed filling stage.Yield also had significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation with soluble protein content at three stages.There were significantly or extremely significantly positive correlation between yield and soluble sugar content at podding stage,superoxide dismutase at full-bloom stage and podding stage,activity of glutamine synthetase at flowering stage.It was beneficial to improvement of yield when the net photosynthetic rate at podding stage and seed filling stage,the soluble protein content at three stages,the soluble sugar content at podding stage,the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutamine synthetase at full-bloom stage were higher in soybean.Therefore,these physiological characteristics could be used as theoretical bases for high yield breeding.