水稻规模化种植模式下产量及经济效益评估

水稻规模化种植已成为水稻集约化生产的重要标志,本研究对安徽省霍邱县300个种植大户展开系统问卷调查,分析水稻规模化种植者年龄结构分布、种植规模大小、种植模式及其产量水平以及经济效益。结果表明,种植者年龄分布主要介于40~60岁,合作社经营模式（H3）年龄更趋于年轻化,且H3模式的产量水平和经济效益均明显高于普通大户（H1）和家庭农场（H2）种植模式;平均种植面积以H3最大,其后依次为H2和H1。深入分析认为：年龄偏老龄化和种植面积过大是限制高产形成的重要因子之一。在机插及直播水稻条件下,经济效益分别较人工手插秧高出27.13%~36.85%和17.45%~22.40%。综上所述,在增大轻简栽培水稻（机插和直播水稻）比重基础上,以合作社经营模式为主的种植大户可能是进一步提高水稻规模化生产潜力的重要突破口。

Grain Yield and Economic Returns of Scale Cultivation in Rice

Scale cultivation in rice is an important symbol of rice intensive production. Questionnaire surveys of 300 samples were used to investigate age distribution, area distribution, cultivation modes and its yield and economic benefit of different rice farmers including ordinary large-scale growers (H1), family farm (H2), and cooperative planting model (H3) in Huoqiu city of Anhui province. The results showed that the age of all farmers was between 40 and 60 years old, but the H3 mode was younger than other two modes. Both the grain yield and economic benefit in H3 mode were higher than that in H1 and H2 modes, respectively. Moreover, average planting area in H3 was apparently higher than that in H1 and H2. And further analysis indicated that older ages and greater cultivated area were the main reason to restrict yield formation, which meaning farmers would be young and intensive and meticulous farming to improve grain yield. The transplanted rice by machine and direct sowing rice had a greater income when compared with transplanted rice by labors. In conclusion, H3 mode incorporating with simple and labor-saving cultivation such as transplanted rice by machine and direct sowing rice could be an effective way to improve the production potential in future.