免耕不同处理对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及燕麦产量的影响

通过设置免耕高留茬高覆盖、免耕低留茬高覆盖、免耕高留茬低覆盖、免耕低留茬低覆盖和常规耕作5个处理,研究旱作免耕不同留茬覆盖处理对燕麦田土壤养分、土壤酶活性及燕麦产量的影响,以期为当地燕麦生产实施免耕技术提供理论依据。结果表明,免耕留茬覆盖各处理均能显著提高土壤耕层中有机质、全量养分及速效养分含量;随燕麦生育时期的推进,土壤酶活性呈先升后降的变化趋势,免耕留茬覆盖能显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,其活性大小均表现为：免耕留茬覆盖处理显著高于常规耕作,免耕高覆盖处理显著高于低覆盖,免耕高留茬高于低留茬;免耕留茬覆盖处理对提高燕麦产量作用显著,其中免耕高留茬高覆盖产量最高,为2 111.4kg/hm ²,较常规耕作增产18.6%,其产量表现为：高留茬高覆盖>低留茬高覆盖>高留茬低覆盖>低留茬低覆盖>常规耕作。

Effects of No-Tillage with Stubble Mulch on Soil Nutrients,Soil Enzyme Activities and Oat Yield

In order to provide theoretical basis for the implementation of no-tillage technology in the local oat production, the effects of no-tillage with stubble mulch on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and oat yield were studied. There were five no-tillage treatments (high mulch with high stubble, high mulch with low stubble, low mulch with high stubble, low mulch with low stubble, and conventional tillage). The results showed that no-tillage with stubble mulch could increase soil organic matter, total nutrients and available nutrients significantly. With the oat growing, soil enzyme activities firstly increased and then decreased. No-tillage with stubble mulch could significantly (P < 0.05) increased the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and invertase. All soil enzyme activities showed an order as high mulch with high stubble > high mulch with low stubble > low mulch with high stubble > low mulch with low stubble > conventional tillage. No-tillage with stubble mulch could improve oat yield significantly. The highest yield was 2 111.4kg/hm ² under the treatment of high mulch with high stubble, and increased by 18.6% compared with conventional tillage. The yield showed an order as high mulch with high stubble > high mulch with low stubble > low mulch with high stubble > low mulch with low stubble > conventional tillage.