国外景观立法经验对我国乡村景观可持续利用的启示

作为实现“美丽中国”“美丽乡村”“建设生态文明”“乡村振兴战略”目标的关键，受自然和人类活动相互作用的影响而形成的、可以被人所感知的具有明显特征的“景观”，是综合提升人居环境形态美、功能美和文化美的重要载体和纽带，是保护魅力国土特征、重塑区域特色禀赋、提升地方文化自信的重要基础。景观立法体系的构建既有助于科学划定生态、农业、城镇等主要控制线，对农业发展、生态功能的恢复及保护、城乡融合发展具有重要意义，又有助于乡村振兴战略中生态宜居的美丽乡村建设。本文介绍了6个国家（经济体）开发的针对乡村景观资源的评估规划技术和保育治理体系，并分析了其通过立法机制推动景观资源保育工作由被动向主动转化的经验。同时，本文从建立乡村景观资源特征数据库、探索景观特征营造和立法保育技术体系、通过地方实践探索适宜我国国情的工作路径等方面提出了我国通过立法机制促进乡村景观可持续利用的建议。

Implications of international legislation process of sustainable landscapes for rural landscape management in China

Landscapes,as perceived by people,are a product of either natural process or human intervention in the natural environment;they are a fundamental element in achieving the goals of Beautiful China,Beautiful Villages,Ecological Civilization,and Rural Revitalization policies.They are also vital in improving human habitats ecologically,functionally,and culturally.Landscape protection,management,and planning are significant for maintaining spatial features,shaping regional characteristics,and enhancing cultural confidence.The enactment of a landscape legislation system is conducive to the scientific delineation of the zoning lines of ecological protection areas,prime farmland preservation areas,and urban areas;significant for the development of agriculture;the restoration and protection of ecological functions;and the integrated development of urban and rural areas.Landscapes are also vital to achieve the goal of ecologically livable and beautiful villages in the rural revitalization strategy.The experiences of developing the rural Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) system and promoting landscape legislation from six countries (economy) are introduced and analyzed in this paper.Suggestions for establishing a rural landscape characteristics database,developing a landscape character legislation and technology system,and determining a suitable work path for China''s local practices are listed at the end to promote the sustainable use of rural landscape sustainability.