液态有机肥与氮肥配施对棉花生理特性及产量的影响

为优化新疆北疆地区滴灌棉花施肥技术，于2016 年进行了氮肥、液态有机肥配施田间试验。采用单因子随机区组试验设计，共设置3 个施氮水平及对照处理。测定了叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合参数、可溶性蛋白含量、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明：氮肥减量20%并配施液态有机肥时，叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、净光合速率、棉花的生理特性及产量均表现最优，其产量比单施氮肥的处理增产48.25%，比氮肥未减量或减量40%且配施液态肥处理的平均产量提高16.61%。施用液态有机肥能有效改善植株的生长状况，提高群体叶面积指数，增加叶绿素含量，增强光合特性，从而促进棉花增产。

Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Cotton

To optimize the fertilization technology of drip irrigation cotton in northern Xinjiang, a field experiment of nitrogen fertilizer combined application with liquid organic fertilizer was carried out in 2016. The single factor randomized block test was conducted in this experiment. 4 treatments were set up, including three nitrogen fertilizer levels and the control. The leaf area index, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic parameters, soluble protein contents, yield and yield compositions were determined. The results showed that, when reducing 20% nitrogen fertilizer and combining liquid organic fertilizer, leaf area index, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, physiological characteristics, and yield all were the best. The yield increased by 48.25%, compared with the single nitrogen fertilizer; it increased by 16.61% compared with the unreduced nitrogen fertilizer or reducing 40% nitrogen fertilizer and combining liquid organic fertilizer. Applying liquid organic fertilizer effectively improves the growth condition of plants and the leaf area index of group, increases chlorophyll content and enhances the photosynthetic characteristics, thus promotes cotton production.