不同基因型玉米品种灌浆及高产早熟特性研究

为探明不同基因型玉米品种产量、熟期及籽粒灌浆之间的差异，为玉米机收熟期选择提供理论依据。选择‘新单68’、‘新单61’、‘郑单958’三个品种，通过研究其亲本、生育期、品质及籽粒鲜重、体积、干重的变化，并对其产量及产量构成因素进行比较分析。结果表明，‘新单68’亲本早熟性好，籽粒粗淀粉含量高，生育期短，‘新单61’和‘新单68’的籽粒体积均小于‘郑单958’，‘新单61’‘新单68’的籽粒体积没有明显差异。‘郑单958’籽粒干重自授粉平稳增加，‘新单61’、‘新单68’授粉24天内，干重快速增加，之后增速放缓。‘新单68’产量显著高于‘郑单958’，‘新单68’和‘新单61’的含水量显著低于‘郑单958’。总而言之，‘新单68’生育期短，粗淀粉含量高，后期灌浆快，穗轴较细，说明‘新单68’籽粒容易脱水，适宜机械化收获籽粒。

Characteristics of Grain Filling and High Yield and Early Maturity of Different Genotypes of Maize

The aims are to illustrate the differences of yield, maturity and grain filling in different maize genotypes, and to provide a basis for the maturity selection of maize mechanized harvest. Three maize varieties ‘Xindan 68’,‘Xindan 61’and‘Zhengdan 958’were used as the experimental materials, the changes of growth period, quality, fresh weight of kernel, volume and dry weight of kernel were studied. The yield and yield components were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared with‘Zhengdan 958’, the parent of‘Xindan 68’had earlier maturity, higher starch content and short growth period. The kernel volume of‘Xindan 68’and‘Xindan 61’had not obvious difference. The kernel dry weight of‘Zhengdan 958’ increased steadily after pollination. In 24 days after pollination, the kernel dry weight of‘Xindan 61’and ‘Xindan 68’increased rapidly, while after 24 days, they increased slowly. The yield of‘Xindan 68’was significantly higher than that of‘Zhengdan 958’, the moisture content of‘Xindan 68’and‘Xindan 61’were significantly lower than that of‘Zhengdan 958’. In conclusion,‘Xindan 68’has short growth period, high starch content, quick grain fill at later stages, and thinner ear axis, which indicate that the kernel of‘Xindan 68’ is easy for dehydration and suitable for mechanized harvest.