豫东平原夏玉米超高产栽培技术路线探讨

摘 要：为了探讨豫东平原夏玉米超高产栽培技术路线，选用4个主导品种，采取理论测产与实收测产相结合，对项目组夏玉米超高产攻关田及农户高产田进行产量及产量构成因素调查，划分为3个产量水平，进行产量构成三要素与产量的相关及通径分析。结果表明：产量水平从10500~12000 kg/hm2提高至12000~13500 kg/hm2，收获穗数增加7736.25穗/hm2，增加了10.69%；产量增加1343.4 kg/hm2，增加了11.97%。产量水平由12000~13500 kg/hm2提高至13500 kg/hm2以上，收获穗数增加6333.75穗/hm2，增加了7.91%；产量增加1482.6 kg/hm2，增加了11.80%。直接通径系数，穗数（X1）为0.8146，穗粒数（X2）为0.1233，千粒重（X3）为0.1275，表明对产量的贡献大小依次为穗数＞千粒重＞穗粒数。因此，豫东平原夏玉米超高产栽培，应通过增加种植密度进一步提高产量。‘中单909’、‘登海605’、‘登海618’、‘郑单958’等品种，豫东平原夏玉米实现13500 kg/hm2以上的产量，种植密度为87000~91500株/hm2，收获穗数为84000~88500穗/hm2、穗粒数480~485粒、千粒重330~340 g。 关键词：夏玉米；超高产；栽培；通径分析；技术路线；技术途径

Cultivation Technical Route of Super High Yield Summer Maize in Yudong Plain

Abstract: In order to discuss the technical route of super high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the Yudong Plain, four dominant varieties were selected, and the combination of theoretical measurement and actual production was used to analyze the yield and yield components of the experimental high-yield field of summer maize and farmers’ high-yield field of summer maize. The survey is divided into three production levels, and the correlation and path analysis of the three components of production and production are carried out. The results showed that the yield increased from 10500~12000 kg/hm2 to 12000~13500 kg/hm2, and the number of harvested spikes increased by 7736.25 spikes/hm2, with an increase of 10.69%; the yield increased by 1343.4 kg/hm2, with an increase of 11.97%. The yield level increased from 12000~13500 kg/hm2 to above 13500 kg/hm2, and the number of harvested spikes increased by 6333.75 spikes/hm2, with an increase of 7.91%; the yield increased by 1482.6 kg/hm2, an increase of 11.80%. The direct path coefficient, the number of panicles (X1) was 0.8146, the number of kernels per ear (X2) was 0.1233, and the weight per thousand (X3) was 0.1275, indicating that the contribution to yield was in the order of panicle number>1000 grain weight>panicle number. Therefore, in the high-yield cultivation of summer maize in the eastern Henan Plain, the yield should be further increased by increasing the planting density. 'Zhongdan 909', 'Denghai 605', 'Denghai 618', 'Zhengdan 958' and other varieties, summer maize in the Yudong Plain achieved a yield of 13500 kg / hm2 or more, planting density of 87,000 ~ 91,500 plants / hm2, The number of harvested ears was 84,000~88500 spikes/hm2, the number of spikes was 480-485 grains, and the 1000-grain weight was 330-340 g. Key words: summer maize; super high yield; cultivation; path analysis; technical route; technical approach