水地小麦产量品质同步提高栽培技术研究

针对全球气候变暖、降雨量减少、水资源短缺以及当前黄淮麦区玉米秸秆还田后小麦生产中存在的主要问题,采取多年多点田间试验,结合生产调查,研究分析小麦产量提高和品质同步改善的栽培技术措施。结果表明,在小麦生产中,宜选用氮-高效型高产优质小麦品种;适宜播期应由9月25日左右推迟到10月2—9日,半冬性品种适当晚播,种植密度300万株/hm2,冬性品种适当早播,种植密度375万株/hm2;化肥施用量为氮225.0kg/hm2、磷(P2O5)135.0kg/hm2、钾(K2O)103.59～130.20kg/hm2、硫酸锌20.39～25.04kg/hm2和硫酸锰19.26～24.34kg/hm2,氮肥70%基施+30%拔节期追施;确保底墒充足,冬前限量灌水(450m3/hm2),拔节期增量灌水(900m3/hm2);使用高效安全的防治药剂,保障小麦产量不下降、品质不降低。建立了以选用品种,调整播期、播量,重施底氮、平衡施肥,确保底墒充足、冬前限量灌水、拔节期增量灌水和全生育期病虫草害综合防治为核心内容的水地小麦产量品质同步提高抗逆栽培技术体系。

Cultivation Technique to Improve Wheat Yield and Quality in Irrigated Land

For global warming,reduced rainfall,water resources shortage and the main problems existing in wheat production after corn strawreturned in the Huanghuai wheat region,cultivation technique to improve wheat yield and quality was studied,using years and more experiment spots combined with produce surveying.Results showed that,wheat varieties with high N use efficiency,high yield and quality were more suitable for current production.Sowing date must be put off from September 25th to October 2nd to 9th.Semi-winter wheat must be sowed later in density of 3 000 000 seedlings/hm2.Winter wheat must be sowed early in density of 3 750 000 seedlings/hm2.Chemical fertilizers were,N 225.0 kg/hm2,70% of which as basal fertilizers,and 30% applied at booting stage,P2O5 135.0 kg/hm2,K2O 103.59～130.20 kg/hm2,ZnSO4·7H2O 20.39～25.04 kg/hm2,and MnSO4·H2O 19.26～ 24.34 kg/hm2.Under enough soil moisture content before sowing,450 m3/hm2 water was irrigated before winter,and 900 m3/hm2 at booting stage.High-effective and safe pesticide was used to prevent pest and weeds.That is,to protect underground pests before sowing,control weeds before winter,prevent and control powdery mildew and stride rust at middle and later stage,and prevent aphids at filling time.In cultivation technique system to improve wheat yield and quality,adverse resistance was build.The core contents of this technique were appropriate varieties choosing,sowing date and planting density adjusting,balanced fertilization,but heavy application of N before sowing,enough soil moisture before sowing,limited irrigation before winter,increased irrigation at booting stage,integrated control of insects,pests and weeds during wheat growing stage.