桃杂种(F1)果实重量的遗传研究

对7个类型30个杂交组合桃杂种后代果实重量分布情况进行了研究，结果表明：桃不同组合类型中，大果×大果、大果×中果、中果×大果、中果×中果、中果×小果、大果实生和中果实生的杂种后代出现小果、中果、大果的分离比率分别为：0:2:1、1:4:1、1:4:1、2:3:1、1:6:3、2:4:1。桃果实的狭义遗传力为h2=0.4403，后代种果实重量偏小的现象明显。在不同组合类型中，以大果×大果和大果实生后代获得大果的比率较高，分别为30%和30.47%。在桃杂交育种中，用亲本果实重量的一般配合力相比较，以大久保为参照，可知，超过大久保的母本有：‘晚黄金’、‘岗山500号’和‘阳泉肉桃’；超过大久保的父本的有：‘明星’和‘阿尔巴特’。

Inheritance of Fruit Weight in F1 Hybrids of Peach

The frequency distribution of fruit average weight in F1hybrids of peach was studied by using 30 cross combinations of 7 types. The results showed that the ratios of small, middle and large individuals from the combination of Large×Large, Large×Middle, Middle×Large, Middle×Middle, Middle×Small and Large seedling，Middle seedling were 0:2:1, 1:4:1, 1:4:1, 2:3:1, 1:6:3, 2:4:1 respectively. The heritability for fruit weight was 0.4403, and there existed significant smaller weight than parent’s inheritance. In the different types F1 hybrids of peach, the Large×Large and Large seedling obtained higher ratio than others and the ratios were 30 percent and 30.47 percent. In F1 hybrids of peach, the fruit average weight of parents was in contrast with Okubo in the general combining ability. The results showed that the better females were ‘Wanhuangjin’, ‘Okayama 500’, ‘Yangquanroutao’ and the better males were ‘Myojyo’and‘Elberta’.