五陵原景观空间格局动态分析

基于地理信息系统支持计算景观多样性的有关参数，选取斑块大小及数量、分维数、斑块伸长指数、多样性、优势度、均匀度和破碎度等指标，对五陵原地区近17多年来景观多样性动态变化进行分析。结果显示:1988-2005年，研究区总斑块数减少了67个，斑块增加明显的主要是耕地及林地斑块，分别增加90个和27个；斑块数减少明显的是水体、果园和建设用地，分别减少了11个、121个和51个。平均斑块面积及平均斑块周长，分别增加4.036hm²和966.69m；耕地、林地、水体及未利用土地分维数，都有不同程度的下降，而果园和建设用地景观的分维数有所上升。五陵原地区景观异质性特征表现为:均匀度指数上升了0.13，景观破碎度指数上升了0.001，景观类型多样性指数上升了0.27，优势度指数下降了0.27。研究期间该区景观空间格局从以耕地及建筑为主的景观生态系统，转变为以耕地、果园和建筑景观为主的高度异质化的景观生态系统，人类活动是其景观空间格局变化的主要驱动因素。

Dynamic Analysis on the Landscape Pattern of Wulingyuan Plateau

In order to provide reference for reasonable use of land resources and protect and utilize the imperial and legacy,we calculated some landscape diversity indices under the support of GIS technology,using the indices such as patch size and amount,average fractal dimension,patch extension index,diversity index,dominance,consistency degree and fragmentation,the dynamic changes of landscape diversity in the Wulingyuan region over the past 17 years.The results showed that the total number of patch reduced by 67 from 1988 to 2005,in which farmland and woodland increased by 90 and 27 respectively,water area,orchard and the building areas decrease by 11,121 and 51 respectively;the average area and perimeter of patches increased by 4.036hm² and 966.69m separately;average fractal dimension of farmland,woodland,water area and unutilized land decreased in different degrees,while orchard and the building areas increased slightly.The characteristics of landscape heterogeneity are depicted that the consistency degree,fragmentation and diversity index increased by 0.13,0.001 and 0.27,respectively,while the dominance decreased by 0.27.During the study time,the landscape ecosystem mainly composing of farmland and building has already changed into highly heterogeneous landscape ecosystem mainly composing of farmland,orchard and building.Human activity is the main driving factors for the dynamic changes of spatial pattern of landscape in this area.