新疆草地资源合理利用与草地畜牧业可持续发展

新疆是我国五大牧区之一。在长期传统游牧畜牧业经营方式下，对草地缺乏有效的保护和科学管理，片面追求牲畜存栏头数，超载过牧现象普遍存在，加之毁草开垦，乱挖药草，导致草地退化问题严重，优良牧草减少、牧草产量下降、草地生态环境恶化、自然灾害频繁。结果畜牧业生产难以持续发展，草地资源与畜牧业生产持续发展之间的矛盾日益突出，使畜产品数量减少、质量下降、抗灾能力减弱，畜牧业经济效益降低。在此基础上实施草地畜牧业可持续发展，需要改变思想观念，执行科技兴牧，教育先行；强化畜牧业生产基础，经济效益和生态效益并重，加强草地管理和建设，合理利用草地资源，改变靠天养畜的现状，从而达到畜牧业可持续发展的目的。

The sustainable development of grassland resources and livestock husbandry of Xinjiang

Xinjiang is one of the main pastoral areas in China. Grassland that can be used for animal husbandry accounts for 16% of national total. But the excessive grazing and everlasting ruin of pastoral resources led to the devastation of pastures, the reduction of fine pastural output, the deterioration of ecological environment. As a result, there are many calamities and contradictions between pastoral resources and the sustainable development of stock breeding in Xinjiang. In order to implement sustainable animal husbandry, we must enhance understanding of natural resources, change old conceptions, enact powerful measures to fit local conditions, strengthen pastoral administration and construction, try to get better use of pastoral resources and popularize advanced technology, etc.