不同施肥配比对蒙古黄芪产量及品质的影响

为研究不同肥料配施对土壤营养状况及黄芪生长和药效成分积累的影响，本研究以1年生蒙古黄芪（Astragalus membranaceus（Fisch.）Bge.var.mongholicus（Bge.）Hsiao）为试材，采用正交设计L₉（3⁴），研究因素A（硝普钠sodium nitroprusside，SNP）、B（黄芪茎叶绿肥）、C（黄芪固氮菌T₁₆）、D（黄芪固氮菌T₂₁）配施后对土壤有机质及氮磷钾含量、黄芪生物量、有效成分含量及产量的影响。结果表明：与对照相比，4种因素配合施用，均对蒙古黄芪的生长及产量品质起到了积极作用，尤其处理4（A2B1C2D3）提高了土壤有机质、有效氮、有效钾、全氮、全磷含量，增加了黄芪生物量，提高了叶片3种抗氧化物酶的活性，降低了丙二醛含量，且黄芪总多糖、总皂苷、总黄酮含量及其总产量分别比对照提高了91.89%，161.54%，155.56%，118.64%。综上分析可知处理4即SNP15 mmol·L^-1、绿肥含量1.2 kg·（15m²）^-1，T₁₆10⁶·mL^-1，T₂₁10⁹·mL^-1为肥料最佳配施方案。本研究可为黄芪专用肥的研制提供理论参考。

Effects of Different Fertilization Ratio on Yield and Quality of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus

To study the effects of different fertilizer composition on soil nutrient status,growth and accumulation of active ingredients of Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao,one-year-old A.mongolicus was used as test material and orthogonal design L 9(34)was used to study the effects of factors A(sodium nitroprusside,SNP),B(green manure of A.mongolicus stems and leaves),C(nitrogen fixing bacteria T 16 of A.mongolicus)and D(nitrogen fixing bacteria T 21 of A.mongolicus)on soil organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium content,biomass of A.mongolicus,total flavonoids of active ingredients,total saponins and total polysaccharide content.The results showed that the combined application of the four factors played a positive role in soil nutrient absorption,antioxidant system regulation,yield and quality of A.mongolicus.Compared with the control,treatment 4(A2B1C2D3)increased the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen,available potassium,total nitrogen and total phosphorus,increased the biomass of A.mongolicus,increased the activities of three antioxidant enzymes in leaves and reduced the content of malondialdehyde.In addition,the total polysaccharide,total saponin,total flavone and their total output of A.mongolicus after treatment 4 increased by 91.89%,161.54%,155.56%and 118.64%respectively compared with the control.To sum up,treatment 4,namely SNP 15 mmol·L-1,green manure content of 1.2 kg·(15m 2)-1,T 16106·mL-1,T 21109·mL-1 is the best fertilizer application scheme and can provide reference for the development of A.mongolicus special fertilizer.