糠醛渣和石膏对盐碱土改良效果及水稻生长的影响

试验以龙粳9号为供试材料,设置糠醛渣Q0(0 g·kg-1)、Q1(25 g·kg-1)、Q2(50 g·kg-1)和石膏G0(0 g·kg-1)、G1(12.5 g·kg-1)、G2(25 g·kg-1)各3个水平,共9个处理.结果表明,施用糠醛渣和石膏显著改善盐碱土理化性质,Q2G1处理降低土壤容重9.48％,提高田间持水量21.02％,Q1G1处理提高土壤孔隙度5.57％;Q2G2处理pH降低22.97％,Q2G1处理EC降低69.12％;Q1G1处理交换性钠降低61.73％,阳离子交换量增加64.08％,碱化度降低86.18％;Q2G2处理水溶性K+增加0.63 g·kg-1,Q2G1处理水溶性Na+增加5.49 g·kg-1,Q0G2处理水溶性Ca2+增加6.04 g·kg-1,Q1G0处理水溶性Mg2+提高0.74 g·kg-1;CO32-和HCO3-含量显著降低,收获后未检出;Q1G1处理水稻株高、千粒重、地上部干物质积累量及产量增加幅度最大,增加幅度分别为28.46％、20.63％、40.37％和25.58％;糠醛渣和石膏配施主要通过改善田间持水量、阳离子交换量和降低土壤pH,间接提高水稻产量.通过研究糠醛渣和石膏对盐碱土理化性质及水稻生长和产量的影响,探索糠醛渣与石膏最佳配比,为促进盐碱土地区水稻生产提供理论依据.

Effects of furfural residue and gypsum on saline alkaline soil improvement and rice growth

Longjing nine was taken as the test material, with saline-alkali soil as the test soil and furfural residue and gypsum as soil improvers. There were three levels of furfural residue(Q0(0 g · kg~(-1)),Q1(25 g · kg~(-1)), Q2(50 g · kg~(-1)) and gypsum(G0(0 g · kg~(-1)), G1(12.5 g · kg~(-1)) and G2(25 g · kg~(-1)), with a total of nine different treatments. The results showed that soil bulk density of Q2 G1 treatment reduced by 9.48%, the field water holding capacity of that increased by 21.02%; the soil porosity of Q1 G1 treatment increased by 5.57%; the pH of Q2 G2 treatment decreased by 22.97%; the EC of Q2 G1 treatment reduced by 69.12%; the exchangeable sodium of Q1 G1 treatment reduced by 61.73%, cation exchange capacity of that increased by 64.08%, alkalinity reduced by 86.18%; the water-soluble K~+of Q2 G2 treatment increased by 0.63 g · kg~(-1), the water-soluble Na~+of Q2 G1 treatment increased by 5.49 g ·kg~(-1), the water-soluble Ca~(2+)of Q0 G2 treatment increased by 6.04 g · kg~(-1) and the water-soluble Mg~(2+)of Q1 G0 treatment increased by 0.74 g · kg~(-1). The content of CO_3~(2-)and HCO_3~-in soil of all the treatments decreased significantly, which was no longer detectable after harvest; plant height, thousand-grain weight, above ground dry matter accumulation and yield of rice in Q1 G1 treatment had the largest increment in comparison with Q0 G0 treatment, increased by 28.46%, 20.63%, 40.37% and 25.58%,respectively. In short, the combination of furfural residue and gypsum could increase rice yield by improving field water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity and reducing the pH of salinealkaline soil. The effects of furfural residue and gypsum on the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil as well as the growth and yield of rice were studied. The theoretical basis for promoting rice production in saline-alkali soil was supported through exploring the best ratio between furfural residue and gypsum.