兔粪堆肥技术初步研究

试验旨在研究兔粪堆肥过程中的参数变化,为规模化兔场兔粪堆肥处理提供技术储备。以兔粪和稻草为原料进行室内堆肥,设置兔粪-稻草组、兔粪-稻草翻堆组和兔粪组,在为期55d的堆肥过程中,测定了各堆体温度、水分、酸碱度(pH)、总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、总钾(TK)、大肠杆菌和种子发芽指数(GI)随时间的变化。结果表明:在堆肥过程中,各组高温期温度均能维持5 d以上,能达到了粪便无害化卫生标准的要求,兔粪-稻草翻堆组高温阶段持续时间最长;各组有机质相对含量总体呈上升趋势,堆肥结束时,有机质均稳定在35%以上;TP和TK总体呈上升趋势;高温期时大肠杆菌数均为0,但随着温度的降低,又出现了少量的大肠杆菌;种子发芽指数总体呈上升趋势,堆肥37d后均能达到腐熟标准。由此可见,生产中对兔粪进行处理,既可以单独利用兔粪进行堆肥,也可以采用兔粪和稻草按7.4∶1的比例进行混合堆肥。

Preliminary study on the rabbit manure composting process

In order to provide theoretical basis for rabbit manure composting treatment on large rabbit farms,straw were used as the auxiliary organic materials in the rabbit manure composting indoor for investigation of changes of parameters.Two treatment and one control groups,static windrow of passive aeration(straw-rabbit manure),static windrow of forced aeration(straw-rabbit manure) and control(pure rabbit manure),were set up respectively.Physical and chemical parameters,such as temperature,carbon dioxide,pH,moisture content,total organic carbon,total kjeldahl nitrogen,the ratio of carbon to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,seed germination index(GI) were checked during composting process for 55 days.The procedures of correlation analysis in the statistical software of SAS were applied to analyze the datum obtained in the experiment.The results were as follows: the change of pile temperature during the composting process indicated that all compost pile temperature arrived at the normal fermentation temperature in composting process and high temperature period lasted for 5 days,which met to sanitary standard for the Non-hazardous treatment of manure.In forced ventilation group of straw-rabbit manure co-compost,the pile material lasted the longest time of high temperature period.The content of organic matter in each group showed a decreasing trend,and it was 60% at the end of composting.The content of P and K always increased in the composting process because the compost was concentrated.The Escherichia coli was not founded during the stage of high temperature,however,as the temperature of compost decreased,a few of Escherichia coli was found.GI value was all above 0.8 at the end of experiment,which showed the compost had met to the normal standard for compost maturity.The result also showed that the raw rabbit manure could directly be used in composting without any auxiliary organic materials.Therefore,the process of composting was simpler and the investment would be cheaper.