氮素实时管理对夏玉米产量和氮素利用的影响

为实现氮素效率和玉米产量的协同提高，以山东省泰安市和兖州市为试验地点，连续3年在4个田块上进行了基于土壤硝态氮测试的氮素实时管理，结果表明，优化施氮处理产量比农民习惯施肥增加2.73%~14.22%，平均增产7.90%；氮肥用量比习惯施肥减少36.80%~53.85%，平均减少44.75%。与农民习惯施肥相比，优化施氮处理氮素吸收效率增加13.68%~115.91%，氮肥表观利用率增加44.26%~377.89%，氮肥农学效率增加54.31%~271.31%，氮肥偏生产力增加53.38%~141.23%，产/投比增加37.35%~93.18%。说明应用土壤硝态氮测试进行氮肥实时管理可以明显减少玉米氮肥用量，提高氮肥利用效率，增加产量和经济效益。

Effect of In-Season Nitrogen Management Strategy on Maize Grain Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

In order to improve maize yield and nitrogen use efficiency cooperatively, in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil nitrate nitrogen test was conducted for three years in four fields at Tai’an and Yanzhou city of Shandong province. The results showed that compared with farmers traditional fertilization, maize grain yields of optimized nitrogen management were increased by 2.73%–14.22%, averaged 7.90%, nitrogen rates were reduced by 36.80%–53.85%, averaged 44.75%, nitrogen uptake efficiencies were increased by 13.68%–115.91%, nitrogen recovery efficiencies were increased by 44.26%–377.89%, nitrogen agronomy efficiencies were increased by 54.31%–271.31%, nitrogen partial factor productivities were increased by 53.38%–141.23%, value cost ratios were increased by 37.35%–93.18%. It suggested that in-season nitrogen management strategy based on soil nitrate nitrogen test could reduce maize nitrogen rate, increase nitrogen use efficiency, improve grain yield and value cost ratio.