超高产广适小麦新品种济麦22产量形成分析

济麦22是山东省农业科学院作物研究所育成的超高产广适小麦新品种，用国家和省区试的多年实验数据和高产攻关的实打产量记录对该品种进行了产量形成及稳定性分析，以期为当前超高产小麦育种提供借鉴。结果表明，济麦22在连续2年的国家小麦区域试验中均增产显著；株高72cm，高抗倒伏；成穗数40×104/667m2以上，穗粒数36粒以上，千粒重40g以上，产量3因素协调；适应度广，适应性强，静态和动态稳定性均较好。济麦22分蘖力强，自身调节能力非常强，在400~800kg/667m2产量水平范围内均有良好表现，最高产量789.9kg/667m2，创造了我国冬小麦单产新纪录。统计分析表明，提高成穗数是提升济麦22产量水平最简单有效的途径，成穗数每增加1×104/667m2，单产可提高12 kg；其次是千粒重。土壤肥力不足是阻碍超高产小麦产量提升的重要原因，育性、抗病、抗逆性差，适应性弱是限制超高产小麦大面积推广的关键因素，多点鉴定、水旱轮选、穿梭育种是解决超高产育种广适性的有效方法。

YIELD COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF JIMAI 22 WITH SUPER HIGH YIELD POTENTIAL AND WIDE ADAPTION

Jimai 22 increased significantly in yield compared to control cultivar Shi 4185 during national regional tests of 2004-2006, and was released by Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2006. Jimai 22 has a strong resistance to lodging, 72cm height and wide planting adaptation. The cultivar has an ideal three yield components of 40×104 spikes per 667m2, 36 kernels per spike and 40g per 1000-grain. The yield of Jimai 22 of 789.9 kg/667m2 created a new record of winter wheat in China in 2009, which was significantly higher than other tested cultivars among the yield range of 400 to 800 kg/667m2. Increasing spikes per unit area of Jimai 22 is the most effective reason to increase its yield, and the yield of 12 kg per 667m2 can be increased by increasing 10 000 spikes per 667m2 based on statistic data from 75 tested spots. The increased 1000-grain weight is the second reason for yield increasing, 1g increase of 1000-grain weight can add 16 kg grains yield per 667m2. The poor soil fertility limited to reach the high yield of these super high wheat cultivars. The fertility of spike, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses made up of the key factors to limit their wide planting, and planting adaptation can be effectively improved by multiple spot identifications, rotational screening under water and drought environment and shuttling breeding.