夏玉米大风暴雨不同倒伏方式的产量灾损评估研究

分别在夏玉米灌浆前期和灌浆后期进行倒伏试验,在根倒伏、茎折2种倒伏方式倒伏后3和7 d进行人工扶植,比较不同倒伏方式的产量损失和不同扶植方式的产量差异。结果表明,在灌浆前期,玉米根倒后扶起的比不扶的产量高,倒伏后3 d扶植减产率为18.90%,7 d扶植减产率为11.71%,而不扶植的减产率为24.80%;茎折倒伏,3 d后扶植减产率达40.41%,7 d后扶植减产率达42.87%,而茎折后不扶植的减产率为21.80%。在灌浆后期,根倒扶起的和不扶的产量差别不大;茎折后,不扶的产量和百粒重均比扶起的高很多;茎折后不扶的减产率仅有3.79%,而3和7 d扶起的减产率分别为18.54%和13.36%。因此,在灌浆前期,根倒后要及时扶起来,以最大限度地减少产量损失。灌浆后期根倒可以不扶,任何时期的茎折倒伏都不要扶植。在该试验的基础上,建立了夏玉米倒伏灾害灾损评估模型,实用性较强。

Study on Disaster Damage Assessment of Yield in Different Lodging Ways of Summer Corn Gale Rainstorm

The lodging test was carried out in the early stage and late stage of grouting of summer corn , and then artificial loading was carried out at 3 and 7 days after lodging,the yield loss of the different lodging patterns and the yield of different felling methods were compared.The re-sults showed that in the early stage of the grouting,the yield propped corn root was higher than that of the non-propped after root lodging, the yield reduction rate of lodging propped was 18.90%at 3 days, that was 11.71%at 7 days, and that of non-propped was 24.80%;Stem lodging, the yield reduction rate of lodging propped was 40.41%at 3 days,that was 42.87%at 7 days, and that of non-propped was 21.80%.In the early stage of the grouting,the yield of the propped and non-propped was not very different;Stem lodging,the yield and 100-grain weight of non-propped were much higher than that of propped;the yield reduction rate of lodging non-propped was 3.79%, the yield reduction rate of lodging propped was 18.54% and 13.36% at 3 days and 7 days respectively .Therefore, in the early stage of the grouting, the root down to up in time, to mini-mize production losses.Root can not prop in the late stage of the grouting,any stem lodging fold period need not prop up at any time.On the basis of the experiment, the assessment model of summer corn lodging disaster disaster was established, and the practicability was strong.