油菜秸秆还田对土壤养分及水稻生长的影响

目的]探讨江淮地区稻油轮作制度下,秸秆还田后土壤养分物质的变化情况。方法]选取合肥地区主栽油菜品种皖油14秸秆进行还田,水稻品种选用丰两优一号,设计微区模拟试验和大田定位试验,分别测定油菜秸秆还田条件下水稻生长期的土壤养分和产量因素。结果]微区模拟试验中,秸秆还田对土壤养分的影响较大,提高了土壤有机质含量,有效磷和速效钾含量呈先增加后减少的趋势;秸秆还田提高了水稻产量,各处理较空白对照增产55.54%~159.26%。大田定位试验中,土壤有机质变化不明显,有效磷和速效钾含量明显降低,三者的变化幅度分别为3.27%~9.24%、-12.44%~-42.00%和-38.70%~-49.21%。油菜秸秆还田对水稻移栽后秧苗分蘖及生长无不利影响,且提高了水稻的结实率和产量。结论]该研究可为进一步探讨稻油轮作制度下的物质循环提供科学依据。

Effects of Rape Straw Returning to Soil on Soil Nutrient and Rice Growth

Objective] To investigate the soil nutrient changes in rice paddy rotation system under straw cropping system in Jianghuai Area. Method]The main rape varieties of Wanyou 14 in Hefei area were selected for returning to the fields, selected the rice varieties of Fengliangyou No.1, micro area simulation test and field positioning test was designed, the long-term soil nutrient and yield factors of rice were determined un-der the condition of rape straw returning to field. Result] In the micro simulation experiment, the effects of straw returning on soil nutrients were greater, the content of organic matter in soil increased, and the content of available phosphorus and available potassium first increased and then decreased.Straw returning increased rice yield, and the yield increased by 55.54%~159.26% compared with blank control.In field experi-ment, the soil organic matter does not change significantly, phosphorus and potassium content decreased obviously, change rate was 3.27%~9.24%, -12.44%~-42.00% and -38.70% ~-49.21% respectively.Rape straw returning has no adverse effect on the tillering and growth of rice seedlings after transplanting, and also improves the seed setting rate and yield of rice.Conclusion]This study can provide a scien-tific basis for further studying the material circulation in rice oil rotation system.