极危植物云南火焰兰的发现及种群现状

目的]探索云南火焰兰分布、群落及种群现状等特征,根据其种群生长和环境情况,提出相应的保护措施和建议。方法]通过查阅文献、标本记录、实地群落及种群现状调查相结合的方法进行分析。结果]表明:(1)发现并确认云南火焰兰分布于云南元江国家级自然保护区,目前发现共有两个分布点,位于海拔1 042 1 135 m的低山山地;(2)原文献记录中海拔500 m左右分布点的元江河谷原生境已变为农业耕作区,其原有分布点的种群已消失;(3)云南火焰兰种群数量极少,仅12株,除1株幼苗外均为成年植株,是典型的衰退型种群;(4)云南火焰兰更新困难,初步研究认为开花不结实是云南火焰兰濒危的直接原因,生存环境苛刻、种子繁殖率低、种群密度小等更加剧其濒危。结论]云南火焰兰分布地植被群落类型主要为常绿落叶针阔混交林,仅发现12株云南火焰兰,其花而不实,更新幼苗仅1株,自然更新受限。

Discovery of An Extremely Endangered Species Renanthera imschootiana and Its Population Situation

Objective] To study the distribution, community and population situation of Renanthera imschootiana Rolfe according to its population growth and environmental conditions, and put forward the relevant protection proposals. Method] By literature retrieval, specimens records and field survey.Result] The community of R. imschootiana Rolfe was found in Yuan River and the investigation results show: (1) R. imschootiana Rolfe distributes in the Yuanjiang National Nature Reserve, only two distribution centers have been discovered in low mountain at the altitude of 1 042 1 135 m; (2) The original record about its distribution center at the altitude of 500 m became a farmland so that R. imschootiana Rolfe has not been discovered; (3) the plant numbers of R. imschootiana Rolfe are 12 and only one plant is seedling so that it is a typical declining population; (4) The natural regeneration of R. imschootiana is hard because the main cause of its unfruitful flowers, with hard living environment, low seed germination rate and population density sparse.Conclusion] The main community type is evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, only 12 strains of R. imschootiana Rolfe were discovered, including a seeding, and its unfruitful flowers result to regeneration is limited.