幼龄核桃林下带状复合间作对大豆生长及产量的影响

为探明幼龄核桃林下复合间作的大豆生长变化及营养特性，以6个大豆品种为试验材料，在5年生的幼龄核桃林下进行带状复合间作，同时单作为对照，记载各品种的生长特性，并测量不同生育期的干物质积累量和成熟后籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪含量及籽粒产量。结果表明，核桃林下带状复合间作大豆生育期延长4～8d，抗倒性降低；株高和底荚高度增加，分枝数减少，主茎节数变化不显著；干物质积累量在各生长阶段均比单作有所降低，苗期和花期影响不显著，鼓粒期和成熟期影响显著；粗蛋白含量比单作有所增加，增加量因品种不同而异，晋豆42的粗蛋白含量显著提高；脂肪含量均比单作降低，晋豆42显著降低；籽粒产量比单作降低显著，生育期最长、株高最高且倒伏的汾豆93减产最多，为59.03%，生育期短的晋豆25减产最少，为49.04%。6个品种中，汾豆78在间作模式下产量最高，为1617.5kg/hm²，其次是汾豆56，为1481.5kg/hm²。幼龄核桃林下复合间作大豆，会延缓成熟，使株高增加，分枝数减少，干物质积累量降低，粗蛋白质含量增加，粗脂肪含量降低，大豆产量显著降低。

Effects of Strip Compound Intercropping under Young Walnut Forest on Soybean Growth and Yield

In order to find out the growth change and nutritional characteristics of soybean varieties intercropped under young walnut forest, six soybean varieties were used as material for strip intercropping under 5-year young walnut forest. At the same time, the growth characteristics of each variety were recorded by single comparison, and the dry matter accumulation of each variety at different growth stages, the protein and fat content and grain yield of mature seeds were measured. The results showed that the growth period of soybean was prolonged by 4-8 days and the lodging resistance was reduced by strip intercropping soybean under walnut forest. With the increase of plant height and pod height, the number of branches decreased, but the number of main stem nodes did not change significantly. Dry matter accumulation in each growth stage was lower than that of monoculture, and the effects at seedling stage and flowering stage were not significant, but the effects at grain filling stage and mature stage were significant. The crude protein content of Jindou 42 was higher than that of monoculture, and the increasing amount was different. The fat content was lower than that of monoculture, and Jindou 42 was significantly lower. Grain yield was significantly lower than that of monoculture. Fendou 93 had the longest growth period, the highest plant height and lodging, and had the most yield reduction of 59.03%, while Jindou 25 with a short growth period had the least yield reduction of 49.04%. Among the six varieties, Fendou 78 had the highest yield with 1617.5kg/ha in intercropping pattern, followed by Fendou 56 (1481.5kg/ha). Intercropping soybean under young walnut forest would delay the maturity of soybean, increase plant height, decrease branch number and dry matter accumulation, increase crude protein content, decrease crude fat content and significantly decrease soybean yield.