青藏高原牦牛奶产业发展的现状及问题——基于那曲市的调研

牦牛奶产业是青藏高原巩固脱贫攻坚、实现畜牧产业良性发展的重要选择,政府、企业和牧户等多元主体在推动产业链建设上发挥着不同作用。本研究以那曲市色尼区为例,通过实地调研发现,龙头企业成为牦牛奶价值增值的关键主体,养殖合作社成为牧民增收的重要载体,供销合作社成为市场发展的重要补充,牧户在牦牛奶产业发展中显著受益,农村基层组织建设管理水平明显提高。当前,那曲牦牛奶产业存在产业发展初级、产品同质竞争、草原过载过牧、合作社管理不规范、行政干预过多以及食品安全风险等问题。基于牦牛奶产业对青藏高原可持续发展的战略地位,下一步应通过加强基础研究和科技投入、积极引育管理人才、完善产业链利益联结机制、厘清多元主体职责定位等,推动当地牦牛奶产业健康可持续发展。

Current Situation and Problems of Yak Milk Industry Development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau——Findings from Naqu City

Yak milk industry is an important choice for consolidating poverty alleviation and achieving benign development of livestock industry in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and multiple subjects such as government,enterprises and herdsmen play different roles in promoting the construction of industrial chain.Taking Seni District of Naqu City as an example,this study found through field research that leading enterprises became key subjects in adding value to yak milk,breeding cooperatives became important carriers of herders' income,supply and marketing cooperatives became important supplements to market development,herdsmen benefit significantly from the development of yak milk industry,and rural grassroots organizations' construction and management levels improved significantly.At present,the yak milk industry in Naqu has problems such as primary industrial development,homogeneous competition,overload and overgrazing of grassland,irregular management of cooperatives,too much administrative intervention and food safety risks,etc..Based on the strategic position of the yak milk industry to the sustainable development of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the next step should be to strengthen the basic research and science and technology investment,actively attract and train management talents,improve the benefit linkage mechanism of the industrial chain,clarify the responsibilities of multiple subjects,and promote the healthy and sustainable development of local yak milk industry.