污染土壤中农药的微生物降解研究进展

农药,尤其是高毒、高残留、难降解的化学农药是重要的环境污染物,而用微生物治理农药污染是一项有效手段,几十年来,在这方面已进行了大量研究.有机磷农药、拟除虫菊酯类农药、均三氮苯类农药是三种最常见的农药,本文综述了降解这三种农药的常见微生物种类和国内外研究进展,简要介绍了微生物降解农药的降解机理,并在高效农药降解工程菌的构建、混合菌的培养、降解酶或降解基因的改良、降解菌的固定化等方面展望了微生物降解农药的研究方向,最后指出了农药微生物降解研究领域的发展趋势和有待进一步解决的问题.

Process in Microbial Degradation of Pesticides in Polluted Soil

Farm chemicals, especially those highly toxic, highly residual and hard to degrade chemical pesticide, are severe environment pollutants. Pesticide degradation by microorganisms is one of the powerful means to treat pesticide pollution. Many researchers have conducted lots of studies on it. Organic-phosphorous pesticides, pyrethroids pesticides, triazine pesticides are the three most common pesticides. In the article, the microorganisms with the capability of degrading the three common pesticides and its advances were reviewed, the mechanisms of pesticides degrading by microorganism were briefly introduced, further more, the research on development of genetic engineered bacteria, cultivation of mixed bacteria, improvement of degrading enzyme and genes, fixation of degraded bacteria were prospected. Finally, the research trends in pesticides degradation by microorganism and the problems to be solved were pointed out.