中国大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究进展与问题分析

杂种优势利用是大幅度提高大豆产量的有效措施之一,我同的大豆杂种优势利用研究开始于20世纪80年代中期,经过20多年的研究探索,我国在大豆杂种优势利用研究领域总体上处于国际前列.在世界上率先育成了大豆质核互作"三系",开展了大规模杂种优势测定研究,育成了数个大豆杂交种,对大豆杂交制种技术进行了广泛研究,取得重要进展.然而,杂交大豆的产业化进程仍较缓慢,还存在一系列问题亟待解决.文章总结我国在大豆雄性不育和杂种优势利用研究方面所取得的重要进展,对存在的主要问题进行了分析,并对今后的研究策略提出了建议.

Progress and Problem Analysis on Soybean Male Sterility and Heterosis Exploitation in China

Heterosis exploitation is one of efficient measures to increase soybean yield. In the period of the mid of 1980s, studies on soybean heterosis exploitation were conducted by several research institutions in China. Through exploring with more than 20 years,on the whole,China has been ranked the first position in the field of soybean heterosis exploitation. The "three lines"with cytoplasmic male sterility and several hybrid cultivars were first developed by Chinese scientists. The heterosis tests of soybean on a large scale and the seed reproduction techniques of hybrid soybean were also studied in China. However,the course of industrialization of hybrid soybean is still slow in China. There are a series of problems to be resolved in the production of hybrid soybean. The progress on studies of soybean male sterility and heterosis exploitation in China was summarized and some suggestions were put forward by the authors in this article.