生态系统服务供给与需求：基础内涵与实践应用

生态系统服务供给与需求研究关系到人类福祉。本文首先通过文献综述法系统总结了国内外生态系统服务供需的研究状况，梳理出生态系统服务供需的相关概念内涵，并对实际供给与潜在供给、实际需求与潜在需求的基本内涵和关系进行辨析；其次总结对比了生态系统服务供需方面的研究方法和国内外实践情况；最后概述了当前生态系统服务供需研究中存在的不足，并展望其未来的研究趋势，以期为生态系统服务供需的研究及应用提供科学参考。

Supply and demand of ecosystem services: Basic connotation and practical application

Research on the supply and demand of ecosystem services is related to human well-being. The sustainability of the supply of ecosystem services is also the basis for sustainable social, economic and natural environments. Research on supply and demand can provide theoretical guidance for the rational utilization and allocation of natural resources, which helps to improve the ecological compensation mechanism and coordinate the relationship between various stakeholders. We analyze the degree of correspondence between socioeconomic system demand and natural ecosystem supply by analyzing the research results of supply and demand of ecosystem services. It also strengthens our understanding of different factors influencing ecosystem services, which has important reference value for current land spatial planning systems. We systematically summarize the research status of ecosystem services in China and abroad through literature reviews. The literature publication status of supply and demand examines the conceptual connotation of ecosystem service supply and demand, and it distinguishes between the primary connotation and relationship of potential supply, actual supply, potential demand and actual demand. We summarize and compare the research methods related to the supply and demand of ecosystem services, summarizes the practical applications of evaluating the supply and demand of ecosystem services in China and abroad, as well as the problems and limitations in the current research on the supply and demand of ecosystem services. Further, it outlines the scope for future research to provide a reference for the research and application of supply and demand of ecosystem services.