野生动物与外来人兽共患病

近年来,人兽共患病在全球范围内频繁发生,尤其野生动物源性人兽共患病呈上升趋势,我国在防控野生动物源性外来人兽共患病上面临巨大挑战。本文参考了近年来国内外野生动物与外来人兽共患的相关文献,主要介绍了野生动物在人兽共患病传播过程中的重要作用,阐述了尼帕病毒病、西尼罗热、埃博拉出血热等野生动物源性外来人兽共患病的流行现状,从生态环境的改变、跨境野生动物及捕食野生动物3个方面分析了影响野生动物源性外来人兽共患病传播的风险,针对野生动物源性外来人兽共患病监测防控工作提出了"哨卡前移"、"预防为主"、"依靠科技"、"联防联控"等4点建议。

Wildlife and Exotic Zoonoses

In recent years,the global frequency of breakouts of zoonoses has increased.China is faced with great challenge on the prevention and control of zoonoses from wildlife.We reviewed the recent domestic and foreign literature on the relationship between wild animals and zoonoses.Here we discuss the important role of wild animals in the transmission of zoonoses.We discuss the epidemic status of wildlife-derived exotic zoonoses such as Nipah virus,West Nile Fever,and Ebola virus.We analyzed risk factors,including ecological environment changes,cross-border wildlife,and prey on wild animals that influence the spread of exotic zoonoses from wildlife.We offer suggestions including“post forward”,“prevention first”,“depending on technology”and“joint prevention and control”for prevention and control work of wildlife-derived zoonoses.