奶牛分娩前后瘤胃代谢物变化规律及其代谢通路研究

本试验旨在阐明奶牛分娩前后瘤胃代谢物及其代谢通路的变化规律。选取10头体况和胎次相近的健康待产荷斯坦奶牛，分别于分娩前后晨饲前采集瘤胃液，采用UPLC-MS/MS代谢组学技术和MetaboAnanlyst 5.0中的通路分析方法研究奶牛分娩前后瘤胃发酵产物及其代谢通路的变化规律。结果表明，奶牛分娩后瘤胃中57种代谢物含量较分娩前发生了明显变化，其中34种代谢物含量显著降低，23种代谢物含量显著升高，9个代谢通路（牛磺酸和亚牛磺酸代谢、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、精氨酸的生物合成、D-谷氨酰胺和D-谷氨酸代谢、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、半乳糖代谢、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢、嘌呤代谢和维生素B₆代谢）发生了显著变化。本研究表明，奶牛在分娩前7~10 d与氨基酸、糖、核苷酸和维生素相关的瘤胃微生物菌群组成发生了应答性改变。

Study on the Changes of Rumen Metabolites and Metabolic Pathways in Dairy Cows before and after Parturition

The aim of this experiment was to clarify the changes of rumen metabolites and their metabolic pathways of dairy cows before and after parturition. Ten healthy Holstein cows with similar body condition and parity were selected to collect fasting rumen fluid before and after parturition. The changes of rumen fermentation products and their metabolic pathways were analyzed by using UPLC-MS/MS metabonomics technology and pathway analysis method with MetaboAnanlyst 5.0. The results showed that the concentration of 57 rumen metabolites in dairy cows changed significantly before and after delivery, of which 34 metabolites were down-regulated and 23 were up-regulated after delivery. And 9 metabolic pathways (taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, galactose metabolism, purine metabolism and vitamin B₆ metabolism) consequently underwent strikingly variation. These results indicated that the composition of rumen microflora related to amino acids, sugars, nucleotides and vitamins occured responsive change in dairy cows at 7~10 days before delivery.