卧龙自然保护区雪豹的生境选择偏好与食源结构特征

近年来,人类活动范围不断扩大,对雪豹(Panthera uncia)所处高海拔生态系统侵入不断增加,对雪豹生存已造成威胁。准确掌握雪豹生境选择偏好与食源结构特征,可以完善雪豹基础研究,提高雪豹保护管理效率。因此于2019年7月对卧龙自然保护区内雪豹集中分布区域进行野外调查,研究雪豹对各生境因子的选择偏好情况;分析粪便组成,明确雪豹食源结构。结果显示:雪豹偏好于海拔3500—4500 m、坡度31°—45°且地形较为崎岖的无家畜活动区域,在坡位的选择上,雪豹偏好于山脊与上坡位,避开中、下坡位与山谷。在植被类型选择上,雪豹偏好草甸与高山流石滩,同时也会选择稀疏且基径较小的灌丛。雪豹倾向于选择草本植物稀疏,低矮的区域。雪豹动物性食源以岩羊(59.26%)为主,家畜(25.93%)与啮齿目(22.22%)次之,鸟类(7.41%)占比最少。植物性食源以禾本科(59.26%)、苔藓植物(44.44%)与莎草科(33.33%)为主,灌木及其他植物占比较少。本文丰富了雪豹的基础研究内容,为卧龙及其他保护区雪豹保护管理工作中相关政策的制定提供参考依据。

Habitat Selection and Food Source of Snow Leopard(Panthera uncia)in Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan Province,China

The intensity of human activity has increased in high-elevation ecosystems,leading to increasing disturbance of snow leopards(Panthera uncia)and increasing threat to their persistence.Understanding the habitat selection and food source structure of snow leopards is helpful to better understand their ecology and improve the efficiency of their protection and management.To achieve this,we conducted a survey in the distribution area of snow leopards in Wolong National Nature Reserve in July 2019 to research the habitat selection patterns of snow leopards.We also analyzed the composition of snow leopard feces collected during the survey to determine their food sources.The results showed that snow leopards preferred areas at elevations of 3,500-4,500 m,slopes of 31-45°,and without livestock.Snow leopards preferred ridgelines and upper slopes and avoided middle and lower slopes and valleys.Snow leopards also selected areas with vegetation forms such as meadow and alpine screes,as well as few and scattered shrubs of small branch diameter.Finally,snow leopards selected meadows with few and short grasses.The main animal food sources of snow leopards were blue sheep(Pseudois nayaur)(59.3%),livestock(25.9%),rodents(22.2%),and birds(7.4%).The main vegetative food sources were grasses(59.3%),bryophytes(44.4%)and sedges(33.3%),with few shrubs and other plants.