黑龙江老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区土地利用与景观格局变化研究

土地利用和景观格局变化研究是自然保护区制定管理和保护规划的重要依据。本研究以黑龙江老爷岭东北虎国家级自然保护区1999—2019年3期的土地利用数据为基础,利用动态度与转移矩阵模型对该区的土地利用变化进行分析;选择斑块数量和香农多样性等景观指数对其景观格局变化进行研究。结果表明,林地是老爷岭保护区主要的土地利用类型,约占自然保护区总面积的95%,且1999—2019年呈稳定趋势(K=-0.017)。从景观格局变化来看,老爷岭保护区的景观呈破碎化趋势,其中斑块数量和香农多样性指数变化最大。从时间跨度来看,1999—2009年是老爷岭保护区土地利用和景观格局变化的主要时段,自2009年后老爷岭保护区建立,保护区内的土地利用动态度指数和景观破碎化程度均在降低,这说明老爷岭保护区成立后,随着管理和保护力度的加大,保护区内的林地得到了一定程度的恢复,景观破碎化程度得到了有效改善。

Study on the Changes of Land Use and Landscape Pattern in Heilongjiang Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve

Study of land use change and landscape pattern is an important basis for the formulation of management and protection plans for nature reserves.Based on the land use data of 3 periods during 1999-2019 in Heilongjiang Laoyeling Amur Tiger National Nature Reserve,we analyzed the land use changes in this area by quantifying change rate and developing a transfer matrix model.We studied landscape pattern changes by use of landscape indexes such as NP(Number of patches)and SHDI(Shannon s diversity index).The results showed that forest was the main land use,covering about 95%of the nature reserve total area.Change of forest area was steady(K=-0.017)during 1999-2019.In terms of landscape pattern,the reserve tended toward fragmentation,as reflected by the greatest change in NP and SHDI.1999-2009 was the period of greatest change of land use and landscape.The rates of land use change rate and landscape fragmentation declined after the establishment of Laoyeling Nature Reserve in 2009.These results show that forest area is recovering and landscape fragmentation is decreasing with the strengthened management and protection of Laoyeling Nature Reserve.