后海、后三里、大肠俞对大鼠便秘及胃肠运动神经递质的影响

后海（GV-1）、后三里（ST-36）、大肠俞（BL-25）是治疗动物便秘的常用穴位，本文旨在明确3个穴位对大鼠便秘的缓解作用及其对胃肠运动相关神经递质的调节作用，比较3个穴位作用途径的异同，探索便秘的优势穴位。选取SPF健康大鼠60只，随机分为6组。除对照A组外，其他5组大鼠每只每天灌服3 mg·（kg·d）^-1洛哌丁胺，建立便秘模型。5 d后，在便秘模型基础上，西药治疗C组灌服莫沙必利1.38 mg·（kg·d）^-1混悬液，D、E、F组分别针刺GV-1、ST-36、BL-25各30 min，连续6 d。检测血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）、生长抑素（SS）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、P物质（SP），结肠组织中5-羟色胺3受体（5-HT₃R）mRNA、5-羟色胺4受体（5-HT₄R）mRNA相对表达量及结肠组织结构。结果显示：造模5 d后，模型B组大鼠出现典型便秘症状，血清中5-HT、SS含量显著增加，VIP、SP显著下降，结肠组织5-HT₃R和5-HT₄R mRNA显著降低。西药治疗组和3个穴位组大鼠的便秘症状均显著缓解，首粒粪便时间缩短，粪便含水量增加，粪便长度增加。另外，针刺GV-1使血清中SS含量极显著降低36.34%（P<0.01），5-HT含量显著下降。针刺双侧ST-36下调血清中5-HT含量23.93%，显著增加结肠组织5-HT₃R、5-HT₄R mRNA相对表达量（P<0.01）。针刺双侧BL-25，血清中VIP、SP含量分别提高27.48%、22.75%，显著降低5-HT含量。另外针刺3个穴位均可增加结肠杯状细胞表达。GV-1、ST-36、BL-25缓解便秘的途径有一定差异，但均能缓解大鼠便秘，改善胃肠道运动，调节胃肠道神经递质的含量，其中GV-1对便秘的改善作用最为显著。

Effects of Hou-hai,Hou-san-li,Da-chang-shu on Rat Constipation and Neurotransmitters Related with Intestinal Motility

Hou-hai (GV-1), Hou-san-li (ST-36), Da-chang-shu (BL-25) are commonly used acupoints for treating animal constipation. The present study aimed to clarify the beneficial effect of the three acupoints on rat constipation and the effect of acupuncture on gastrointestinal motility-related neurotransmitters, thus to know what degree and how the acupoints affecting the gastrointestinal system when relieving the constipation and which point being the best, also to differentiate the 3 acupoints for relieving constipation. Sixty SPF healthy rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, except for group A, rats in other 5 groups were given 3 mg·(kg·d)^-1 loperamide once daily to induce constipation. In day 6, other than daily loperamide, rats in group C were given 1.38 mg·(kg·d)^-1 suspension of mosapride for 6 days as western medicine control group. Rats in groups D, E, and F were dry needled at GV-1, ST-36, BL-25 respectively for 30 minutes for 6 days. And then 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin (SS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP), 5-HT₃R and 5-HT₄R mRNA were tested accordingly. Results showed that rats in model group B had typical constipation signs with the increasing of 5-HT and SS, while the contents of VIP and SP reduced, as well as the levels of 5-HT₃R mRNA and 5-HT₄R mRNA. The constipation symptoms for the rats in group C and the 3 acupoint groups were significantly relieved, the time period for the first stool was shortened, the water content in feces was increased, and the feces size was increased. Acupuncture at GV-1 reduced the content of SS in serum by 36.34% (P<0.01), the content of 5-HT was significantly reduced as well. Acupuncture at bilateral ST-36 down-regulated the serum 5-HT content by 23.93% (P<0.01), and up-regulated the relative expression of 5-HT₃R mRNA and 5-HT₄R mRNA in colon tissue (P<0.01). Acupuncture at bilateral BL-25, both VIP and SP increased by 27.48% and 22.75% respectively, while the 5-HT content was significantly reduced. All the 3 acupoints could increase the expression of colonic goblet cells. Dry needle at GV-1, ST-36, BL-25 would alleviate rat constipation, improve gastrointestinal motility and adjust the content of gastrointestinal neurotransmitters with some different pathways, and GV-1 being the best points on rat constipation induced by loperamide.