京411及其衍生系苗期氮和磷利用效率相关性状的遗传分析

为了研究小麦苗期氮、磷吸收及利用效率的遗传差异,以骨干亲本京411及其14份衍生后代为材料,在3个氮处理(Ca(NO3)2含量分别为0、0.05和2.0mmol·L-1)和3个磷处理(KH2PO4含量分别为0、0.005和0.25mmol·L-1)条件下分析不同基因型苗期营养利用效率及相关性状,并结合90kSNP芯片分析氮、磷吸收及利用效率相关遗传区段,以及京411携带的重要区段的传递和分布。结果表明,供试品种(系)的氮、磷吸收及利用效率存在较大遗传变异,京411和CA0958的氮吸收量和农学效率较高,北京0045、中麦175和CA0816R的氮利用效率较高,09抗1027、CA9722、中麦415和CA1133具有较强的耐低氮能力;09抗1027、北京0045和CA1133的磷吸收量较高,中麦175和CA9722的磷利用效率较高,CA0958和北京0045具有较高的磷农学效率,中麦175和CA1055具有较强的耐低磷能力。A和B染色体组在小麦苗期氮和磷吸收及利用中的作用可能大于D染色体组。3B和4B染色体上各存在一个在低磷和高磷条件下对苗期磷利用效率均有影响的位点,1B和2A染色体上各存在一个在不施磷和低磷条件下均表现较强耐低磷能力的位点。氮、磷吸收及利用效率可能具有相同或相似的遗传背景。中麦175与骨干亲本的氮、磷吸收及利用效率相同位点较多,且含有较多的正向效应位点,同时在苗期表现出了较强的氮、磷吸收及利用效率,其在实际生产中表现为高产且水肥利用效率高,是京411的优良衍生后代。

Genetic Analysis of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency Related Traits at Seedling Stage of Jing 411 and Its Derivatives

Understanding the genotypic difference in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and utilization efficiency (NUP,PUP,NUtE,PUtE) at seedling stage is of great importance for breeding wheat cultivars with high yield,wide adaptability and high efficiency.The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic structure and components among the elite parent Jing 411 and its derivatives,totally 15 genotypes by using 90 k SNP markers.Three N treatments (Ca(NO₃)₂ content: 0,0.05,2.0 mmol·L^-1) and three P treatments (KH₂PO₄ content: 0,0.005,0.25 mmol·L^-1) were used to identify NUtE and PUtE related traits.Large genetic variation was observed among 15 tested genotypes.Jing 411 and CA0958 performed higher nitrogen uptake (NUP) and nitrogen agronomy efficiency (NAE) than other cultivars (lines).Beijing 0045,Zhongmai 175 and CA0816R represented higher nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE),while 09 Kang 1027,CA9722,Zhongmai 415 and CA1133 represented better tolerance to low nitrogen (ATN).09 Kang 1027,Beijing 0045 and CA1133 performed higher phosphorus uptake (PUP) than other cultivars (lines),while Zhongmai 175 and CA9722 represented higher phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUtE).CA0958 and Beijing 0045 had higher phosphorus agronomy efficiency (PAE),while Zhongmai 175 and CA1055 reperesented better tolerance to low nitrogen (ATP).A and B genomes may play a more significant role than D genome.Two loci were identified on 3B and 4B chromosomes affecting PAE at low and high P level.Another two loci were detected on 1B and 2A chromosomes affecting ATP at zero and low P level.NUtE and PUtE related traits may possess the same or similar genetic background.Zhongmai 175 had more alleles same with Jing 411 and positive effects alleles of NUtE and PUtE related traits.At the same time,Zhongmai 175 represented higher NUtE and PUtE at seedling stage.Combined with high yield and fertilizer water utilization efficiency in actual production,Zhongmai 175 was considered to be an excellent derivative of Jing 411.