芭蕉芋干物质及矿质营养元素累积与分配特征研究

以3 个芭蕉芋栽培品种为试材，研究了芭蕉芋发棵结芋期和子芋完熟期生物量的构成特点及各器官矿质元素含量、 积累和分配规律，以期为芭蕉芋科学管理和合理施肥提供依据。结果表明，发棵结芋期，芭蕉芋干物质量为54.99~62.21g/plant，叶片是干物质主要的分配器官; 子芋完熟期，芭蕉芋的干物质量是发棵结芋期的 4 倍多，根茎为干物质的主要分配器官。发棵结芋期，3 个芭蕉芋品种平均每株累积吸收N 497.4mg~598.8mg、 P 128.7mg~223.1mg、 K 2021.2.mg~2450.3mg、 Ca 496.0 mg~577.3 mg、 Mg 526.7 mg~804.5 mg，氮以叶片中含量最高，磷、 钾和镁以茎中含量最高，根系内钙含量最高; 子芋完熟期，芭蕉芋平均每株累积N 1116.2~1210.8mg、 P 852.6~907.5mg、 K 4528.9~5055.2 mg、 Ca 919.2~991.7mg、 Mg 888.2~1369.0 mg，氮以叶片含量最高，钾含量以根系最高，磷含量以茎、 叶中最高，根茎内镁含量高。生育期内构建相同生物量，Xingyu-1需要的 K、 Ca 和 Mg 比其他 2个品种多，N和P与其他2个品种相当，但Xingyu-1 的根茎干物质分配率高，生产相同质量的干根茎，Xingyu-1 需要的N、 P、 K 低于其他 2 个品种。

Accumulation and translocation properties of dry matter and mineral elements in edible canna (Canna edulis Ker)

In order to establish a reasonable fertilization protocol in canna production, pot experiments were conducted to investigate the accumulation and translocation characteristics of biomass and mineral elements in different organs of edible canna at the taro enlargement stage and taro ripe stage. The total dry matters of edible canna at the taro enlargement stage is about 54.99-62.21g/plant, and the leaf is the main translocation organ. At the taro ripe stage, the total dry matter of edible canna is more than four times of the taro enlargement stage, and the rhizome is main translocation organ. The accumulation amounts of total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) of edible canna at the sub taro enlargement stage are 497.4-598.8, 128.7-223.1, 2021.2-2450.3, 496.0-577.3 and 526.7-804.5 mg/plant, respectively. The highest N content is in leaves, the highest P, K and Mg contents in stems and Ca content in roots. At the ripe stage, the total N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents of edible canna are 1116.2-1210.8, 852.6-907.5, 4528.9-5055.2, 919.2-991.7 and 888.2-1369.0 mg/plant, respectively. The highest N content is in leaves, followed by rhizome, the highest K content is in roots, the same high P contents in stems and leaves, Mg in rhizome. To build the same dry matter of edible canna, more K, Ca and Mg are needed with Xingyu-1 than Xingyu-2 and PLRF, similar amounts of N and P required for the three cultivars. Because of the percentage dry matters distribution of Xingyu-1 in rhizome is higher than those of the other two cultivars, Xingyu-1 absorbs less N, P and K than the other two cultivars to produce the same rhizome dry weight biomass.