施磷方式对高产春玉米磷素吸收与磷肥利用的影响

以高产春玉米金山27为供试品种，研究了在3个施磷水平（P2O5 100、 150和200 kg/hm2）下，不同施磷方式（分层施磷和传统施磷）对其磷素吸收、 转运和利用的影响。结果表明，同一施磷水平下，分层施磷较传统施磷方式玉米植株磷含量和磷积累量均有不同程度的提高，在完熟期差异均达到显著水平。不同施磷方式间，茎鞘、 叶片、 穗部营养体各生育时期磷含量和磷积累量差异多数不显著，但完熟期子粒磷含量和磷积累量分层施磷均显著高于传统施磷方式。 同一施磷水平下，叶片、 茎鞘和穗部营养体中磷素的转运量均表现为分层施磷高于传统施磷，但差异多数未达到显著水平。 转运率及对子粒贡献率的差异规律性不明显。磷肥吸收效率、 利用效率、 偏生产力和利用率均以分层施磷高于传统施磷方式，且差异多数达到显著水平。因此分层施磷方式能促进春玉米对磷素的吸收，可提高磷肥的吸收效率和利用效率。

Effects of phosphorus fertilization methods on phosphorus absorption and utilization of high yield spring maize

A maize cultivar, Jinshan 27, was used as the test material to study the effects of different phosphorus levels (P2O5 0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and application methods (traditional application and application at different depths) on phosphorus absorption, translocation and utilization of the high-yield spring maize. The results show that compared with thetraditional phosphorus application, the phosphorus content and accumulation in plant of phosphorus application at different depths are increased in various degrees, and thedifferences reach to a significant level at the mature stage. The phosphorus contents and accumulation amounts of stem and sheath, leaves, bracteal leaf and ear axis have nosignificant differences at the growth stages, while the phosphorus content and accumulation of seed have significant differences at the mature stage. Under the same level ofphosphorus application, the transfer amounts of the vegetative of leaves, stem and sheath, bracteal leaf and ear axis under the phosphorus application with different depths arehigher than those under the traditional within, and the differences are not at the significant difference level. There arent obviously regularity in transfer rate andcontribution rate for seed. The phosphate fertilizer absorption efficiency, phosphate utilization efficiency, partial factor productivity and phosphate apparent utilizationefficiency of the phosphorus application with different depths are higher than those of the traditional phosphorus application. The posphorus application with different depthscould promote spring maize absorb phosphorus, and moreover, improve absorption efficiency and utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer.