植物介导金属纳米颗粒合成的研究进展

随着纳米科技的快速发展，人工合成的金属纳米颗粒已在农业生产、生物医药、个人消费品等领域广泛应用。同时，越来越多研究表明植物也能介导金属纳米颗粒的合成。这些研究为制备金属纳米颗粒提供了新思路，但是，多数研究只局限于植物合成方法的表观描述，缺乏对过程及机理的深入研究。这不仅阻碍了金属纳米颗粒与植物相互作用的理论认知，还限制了植物合成方法的大规模应用。本文总结了近年来植物体内金属纳米颗粒的鉴别与表征方法及植物合成纳米材料的应用，重点对植物合成纳米颗粒的过程进行了梳理，发现有机酸、还原性糖类、蛋白质等生物成分都会参与纳米颗粒的生成过程。今后需研发更多的表征手段，以原位技术全面揭示植物合成金属纳米颗粒的机制。

Formation of metallic nanoparticles within plants

With the rapid development in nanotechnology, Synthetic metallic nanoparticles(NPs) have been widely applied in the fields of agricultural production, biomedicine, and consumer products. Scientific evidence has demonstrated that metallic NPs can also be formed within plants. These findings facilitate our understanding of the effects of metallic NPs on plants and provide an alternative approach for forming metallic NPs. However, most of the research is limited to explanations of phenomena observed and have failed to elucidate the processes and mechanisms for NP formation. This limits our understanding of the interactions between metallic NPs and plants and impedes the large-scale application of NP biosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the recent progress on the identifications and characteristics of metallic NPs within plants, their formation processes, and their potential applications. We propose that biomolecules such as organic acids, reducing sugars, and proteins contribute to the formation of metallic NPs. However, more state-of-the-art in situ techniques are needed to identify and characterize metallic NPs within plants. Combined with experiments within plants, a more comprehensive understanding of metallic NP formation within plants will be gained.