水稻耐热相关功能基因的克隆及其分子机理研究进展

水稻是全世界最主要的粮食作物之一，水稻产量的提高是解决人类口粮问题的关键。水稻喜温，但温度过高会对水稻的生长及产量造成严重影响。随着全球气候变暖，水稻热害频发，严重限制了水稻的高产、稳产，导致水稻产业受到较大影响。通过鉴定水稻耐热数量性状位点（Quantitative Trait Loci，QTL），克隆相关基因，并研究水稻耐热性状的分子机理，将水稻重要耐热相关基因应用于育种是最经济、最有效的策略。近年来随着测序技术和功能基因组学的发展，水稻耐热分子机理的研究取得了较大进展。迄今为止，国内外科研人员已通过不同的遗传群体鉴定了 80 个以上的水稻耐热相关 QTL，并通过正向或反向遗传学手段克隆了部分水稻耐热相关基因，为水稻耐热分子育种提供了极具价值的研究成果。就水稻耐热相关 QTL 的鉴定、耐热相关功能基因的克隆以及耐热相关分子机理研究等方面进行综述，以期为水稻耐热分子育种提供参考。

Advance in Cloning and Molecular Mechanism of HeatTolerance Related Functional Genes in Rice

Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. The improvement of rice yield is the key to solve the problem of food ration for people all over the world. High temperature is good for rice growth, however, excessive temperature will have a serious impact on the growth and yield of rice. With global warming, the frequent occurrence of heat injury in rice severely has restricted the high and stable yield of rice, and caused a great damage to the rice industry. By identifying rice heat tolerance QTL, cloning related genes and studying the molecular mechanism of rice heat tolerance traits, the application of important functional genes to rice molecular breeding is the most economical and effective strategy. In recent years, with the development of sequencing technology and functional genomics, great progresses have been made in the research on the molecular mechanism of rice heat tolerance. So far, researchers at home and abroad have identified more than 80 QTLs related to rice heat tolerance through different genetic populations, and cloned some rice heat tolerance related genes by forward or reverse genetic means, which provide valuable references for rice heat tolerance molecular breeding. In this paper, the identification of QTLs and the cloning of functional genes and the molecular mechanism related to heat tolerance in rice were reviewed in order to provide references for molecular breeding of rice heat tolerance.