广东省稻鱼共生生态种养发展现状与对策建议

稻鱼共生是一种能够改善农田生态环境、提高稻田能量和物质利用效率的现代生态农业生产模式。 近年来，我国在稻鱼共生生态种养的理论研究和技术推广等方面取得了较大进步。研究表明，该模式在化肥农 药减量、稻田增产增效、土壤和水体改良等方面具有明显优势，可以有效保障粮食安全，增加农民收入，减少 面源污染，具有良好的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。目前，广东省稻鱼共生生态种养模式的推广面积仍然较小。 主要阐述了广东省稻鱼共生生态种养模式的发展概况，在广东省发展该模式具有自然资源优势，指出广东省稻 鱼共生生态种养模式存在应用面积少、产量低、技术研发和推广滞后、水肥管理落后、适宜于该模式的水稻品 种和田鱼品种较少以及机械化和智能化技术缺乏等问题。该模式在广东省具有十分广阔的市场前景，提出未来 广东省应该加强政策支持，引导产业发展；强化关键技术支持、完善技术规范和推动三产融合，促进乡村振兴 等对策建议，以期为促进广东省稻鱼共生生态种养的发展提供科技指导。

Development Situation and Countermeasures of Rice-fish Co-culture System in Guangdong Province

Rice-fish co-culture system is a modern agroecology practice that can improve the farmland ecological environment and increase the efficiency of energy flow and nutrient cycling. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the theoretical researches and technical promotion of rice-fish co-culture system in China. Rice-fish coculture system shows obvious advantages over the conventional practice in reducing fertilizers and pesticides, increasing rice production and efficiency, and improving soil and water physicochemical properties. Furthermore, rice-fish co-culture system can guarantee food security, increase farmers'' income and reduce non-point source pollution, with good economic, ecological and social benefits. Currently, the area of rice-fish co-culture systems is still small in Guangdong Province. In this paper, we summarize and analyze the situation and the advantage of nature resources of the rice-fish co-culture system in Guangdong Province, and pointe out some problems such as small application area, low production, backward technology development and promotion, poor water and fertilizer management, few rice and fish varieties for the rice-fish co-culture system, and lack of mechanization and intelligentization technology. It is believed that rice-fish co-culture system would have an extensive market prospect in Guangdong Province. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen policy support and provide guidance for industrial development, to enhance support for key technologies, to improve technical specifications and boost the integration of three industries, and to promote rural revitalization, so as to provide technical guidance for the development of the rice-fish co-culture system in Guangdong Province.