海口市郊区乡村景观生态评价和旅游开发模式研究

采用2010年Alos遥感影像数据,提取海口市郊区乡村景观,通过建立乡村景观综合评价指标体系,同时构建生态综合评价模型,运用景观生态学理论,结合GIS技术对各类景观进行生态综合评价,并以此为条件分析研究区的旅游开发模式。结果表明:乡村景观生态综合指数(Ei)的范围为2.10～4.48,四级生态分区和五级生态分区比重占到一半以上,三级生态分区约为整个区域的1/5,海口市郊区乡村景观生态质量总体上较好;热带荒草地景观、热带灌丛景观、热带聚落景观和热带水体景观生态质量相对较差,滨海红树林景观和热带农田景观生态质量一般,热带田园景观和热带疏林景观生态质量较好甚至优异;在景观评价的基础上,结合区域背景提出4种乡村旅游开发模式:观光型乡村旅游、体验型乡村旅游、康乐型乡村旅游和人文型乡村旅游,并建议在维持区域生态平衡的前提下,加强乡村景观资源的保护,合理开发乡村旅游资源,实现旅游业的可持续发展。

Research on Ecological Evaluation and Tourism Development Pattern of Rural Landscape in Haikou Suburb

This paper is to research on the tourism development pattern of Haikou suburbs. We made an ecological comprehensive evaluation of each rural landscape＇ s type by establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system and model of rural landscape with Alos Remote Sensing Data in 2010 and GIS, based on the Landscape Ecology theory. The results showed that： the range of the ecological comprehensive index （Ei） is 2.10 -4.48. The proportion of ecological regionalization level 4 and level 5 accounted for more than half, level 3 accounted for 1/5. In general, the quality of rural landscape in Haikou suburbs is good ; while the tropical unused grassland landscape, tropical scrub landscape, tropical settlement landseape and tropieal waters landseape have a relative poor quality; the coastal mangrove landscape and tropical farmland landscape have a common quality, the quality of tropical garden landscape and tropical open forest landscape are excellent. On the ground of landscape evaluation and background of the area, we put forward four types of rural tourism development modes ： rural tourism for sight-seeing ; rural tourism for experienee; rural tourism for recreation ; rural tourism for humanity ; we also proposed that on the premise of maintaining re- gional eeologieal balanee, we should develop the tourism resources reasonable and ensure the sustainable development of tourism.